101 Design Methods

VIJAY KUMAR is a professor at the IIT Institute of Design, the graduate school of design at the Illinois Institute of Technology, where he leads the Strategic Design Planning and the Design Methods programs. Kumar has taught, published, consulted, and lectured throughout the world on using structured methods, tools, and frameworks for conceiving reliable human-centered innovations and turning them into strategic plans for organizations. He has consulted for Autodesk, Motorola, Pfizer, Procter & Gamble, SC Johnson, Steelcase, Target, T-Mobile, and many others.

• Foreword by James P. Hackett viiAcknowledgments ixIntroduction 1Four Core Principles of Successful Innovation 3Principle 1: Build Innovations Around Experiences 3Principle 2: Think of Innovations as Systems 5Principle 3: Cultivate an Innovation Culture 6Principle 4: Adopt a Disciplined Innovation Process 7A Model of the Design Innovation Process 8The Design Innovation Process 8Process Is Nonlinear 9Process Is Iterative 9Seven Modes of the Design Innovation Process 10Mode 1: Sense Intent 10Mode 2: Know Context 10Mode 3: Know People 11Mode 4: Frame Insights 11Mode 5: Explore Concepts 12Mode 6: Frame Solutions 12Mode 7: Realize Offerings 13Understanding Methods 13Mode 1: Sense Intent 15Sense Intent: Mindsets 16Sensing Changing Conditions 17Seeing Overviews 17Foreseeing Trends 18Reframing Problems 18Forming an Intent 19Sense Intent: Methods 211.1 Buzz Reports 221.2 Popular Media Scan 241.3 Key Facts 261.4 Innovation Sourcebook 281.5 Trends Expert Interview 301.6 Keyword Bibliometrics 321.7 Ten Types of Innovation Framework 341.8 Innovation Landscape 361.9 Trends Matrix 381.10 Convergence Map 401.11 From…To Exploration 421.12 Initial Opportunity Map 441.13 Offering-Activity-Culture Map 461.14 Intent Statement 48Mode 2: Know Context 51Know Context: Mindsets 52Knowing Context History 53Understanding Frontiers 54Seeing System Overviews 55Understanding Stakeholders 56Using Mental Models 57Know Context: Methods 592.1 Contextual Research Plan 602.2 Popular Media Search 622.3 Publications Research 642.4 Eras Map 662.5 Innovation Evolution Map 682.6 Financial Profile 702.7 Analogous Models 722.8 Competitors-Complementors Map 742.9 Ten Types of Innovation Diagnostics 762.10 Industry Diagnostics 782.11 SWOT Analysis 802.12 Subject Matter Experts Interview 822.13 Interest Groups Discussion 84Mode 3: Know People 87Know People: Mindsets 88Observing Everything 89Building Empathy 90Immersing in Daily Life 91Listening Openly 92Looking for Problems and Needs 93Know People: Methods 953.1 Research Participant Map 963.2 Research Planning Survey 983.3 User Research Plan 1003.4 Five Human Factors 1023.5 POEMS 1043.6 Field Visit 1063.7 Video Ethnography 1083.8 Ethnographic Interview 1103.9 User Pictures Interview 1123.10 Cultural Artifacts 1143.11 Image Sorting 1163.12 Experience Simulation 1203.13 Field Activity 1223.14 Remote Research 1243.15 User Observations Database 126Mode 4: Frame Insights 129Frame Insights: Mindsets 130Exploring Systems 131Looking for Patterns 132Constructing Overviews 133Identifying Opportunities 134Developing Guiding Principles 135Frame Insights: Methods 1374.1 Observations to Insights 1384.2 Insights Sorting 1404.3 User Observation Database Queries 1424.4 User Response Analysis 1444.5 ERAF Systems Diagram 1464.6 Descriptive Value Web 1504.7 Entities Position Map 1524.8 Venn Diagramming 1544.9 Tree/Semi-Lattice Diagramming 1564.10 Symmetric Clustering Matrix 1584.11 Asymmetric Clustering Matrix 1624.12 Activity Network 1664.13 Insights Clustering Matrix 1704.14 Semantic Profile 1744.15 User Groups Definition 1764.16 Compelling Experience Map 1784.17 User Journey Map 1824.18 Summary Framework 1844.19 Design Principles Generation 1884.20 Analysis Workshop 190Mode 5: Explore Concepts 195Explore Concepts: Mindsets 196Challenging Assumptions 197Standing in the Future 198Exploring Concepts at the Fringes 199Seeking Clearly Added Value 200Narrating Stories about the Future 201Explore Concepts: Methods 2035.1 Principles to Opportunities 2045.2 Opportunity Mind Map 2065.3 Value Hypothesis 2085.4 Persona Definition 2105.5 Ideation Session 2125.6 Concept-Generating Matrix 2165.7 Concept Metaphors and Analogies 2185.8 Role-Play Ideation 2225.9 Ideation Game 2245.10 Puppet Scenario 2285.11 Behavioral Prototype 2325.12 Concept Prototype 2345.13 Concept Sketch 2365.14 Concept Scenarios 2385.15 Concept Sorting 2405.16 Concept Grouping Matrix 2425.17 Concept Catalog 244Mode 6: Frame Solutions 247Frame Solutions: Mindsets 248Conceiving Holistic Solutions 249Conceiving Options 250Making Value Judgments 251Envisioning Scenarios 252Structuring Solutions 253Frame Solutions: Methods 2556.1 Morphological Synthesis 2566.2 Concept Evaluation 2586.3 Prescriptive Value Web 2606.4 Concept-Linking Map 2626.5 Foresight Scenario 2646.6 Solution Diagramming 2666.7 Solution Storyboard 2686.8 Solution Enactment 2706.9 Solution Prototype 2726.10 Solution Evaluation 2746.11 Solution Roadmap 2766.12 Solution Database 2786.13 Synthesis Workshop 280Mode 7: Realize Offerings 285Realize Offerings: Mindsets 286Reiterating Prototypes 287Evaluating in Reality 288Defining Strategies 289Implementing in Reality 290Communicating Vision 291Realize Offerings: Methods 2937.1 Strategy Roadmap 2947.2 Platform Plan 2967.3 Strategy Plan Workshop 3007.4 Pilot Development and Testing 3047.5 Implementation Plan 3067.6 Competencies Plan 3107.7 Team Formation Plan 3127.8 Vision Statement 3147.9 Innovation Brief 318Credits For Example Projects 320Index 323

"Design thinking is a method that can be applied to nearly any endeavor, business scenario, or social reform. In his book, 101 Design Methods, author Vijay Kumar describes how design methods can be applied as a science, rather than through art, through practical steps of observation, reframing, ideation, prototyping, and planning." (Contract Magazine, May 2013)