Mir Irfan Ul Haq is currently working as assistant professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University (SMDV). He has previously worked with the R&D wing of Mahindra and Mahindra. He has obtained bachelor of technology degree in mechanical engineering from SMVD University and master of engineering in mechanical system design (Gold Medalist) from National Institute of Technology Srinagar. He has carried his Ph.D. in the area of tribology of lightweight materials. He is actively involved in teaching and research for the past ten years in the field of materials, tribology and 3D printing. His research interests include lightweight materials, new product development and additive manufacturing, development of green lubricants, self-lubricating materials and cutting fluids, wear of materials, and surface engineering. He has published around 50 research papers in SCI and Scopus indexed journals. He has edited three books and has served as guest editor in reputed journals. Moreover, he has been awarded various research grants for various projects from various agencies like DST and NPIU AICTE. He has attended numerous conferences and workshops both in India and abroad like the USA and Singapore. He is a member of reviewer boards of various international journals apart from chairing technical sessions in various international and national conferences. Dr. Haq is actively involved in organizing various conferences and workshops. He has also coordinated various student events such as SAEBAJA, ECOKART and TEDX. Moreover, he has supervised around 20 projects on master’s and bachelor’s level. Dr. Haq has served as member of various committees at national and state levels.Ankush Raina is an assistant professor in the School of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Jammu and Kashmir, India. His area of interest includes wear and lubrication, additive manufacturing, and rheological properties of lubricating oils. He has been awarded Ph.D. in the area of industrial lubrication. He completed his M. Tech in Mechanical System Design from NIT Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. He was awarded with Gold Medal for securing first position in M. Tech. He has extensive research experience in the field of nano lubrication and has carried out various studies using nano-additives in different lubricating oils and composite materials. Further, he has also explored the tribological characteristics of different types of 3D printed polymeric materials. He has published more than 50 articles in the SCI/SCIE/Scopus indexed journals with more than 1,200 citations and h-index of 19 and i-10 index of 32. He has also presented several papers in national and international conferences in India and abroad. He is the reviewer of several reputed SCI/SCIE indexed journals and has also coordinated several events at university level.Nida Naveed is currently a senior lecturer and programme leader at University of Sunderland, UK, and has been working in academia and industry for more than fifteen years. Before joining the University of Sunderland, she has worked with NCG Newcastle College Group, UK, as a programme leader in engineering and at The Open University (OU), UK, as an honorary associate (researcher) at the Department of Engineering and Innovation. Previously, she was also a Research Candidate at The Open University for MPhil leading to PhD on a fully funded studentship by Rolls Royce Limited, East Midlands Development Agency (EMDA) and OU. She has obtained her PhD in materials engineering from the Department of Engineering and Innovation at The Open University, UK. She received her master’s (MEng) in structural engineering and bachelor’s (BEng) in civil engineering fromNED Engineering University. Dr. Nida has a Postgraduate Certificate of Education (PGCE) in mathematics and numeracy specialists from Teesside University, UK. She is a chartered engineer and a member of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (MIET), UK. She is also a fellow of the Higher Education Academy (FHEA) UK. Dr. Nida has published various articles in reputed journals and is currently guiding various master’s and PhD students. She is a member of Athena Swan Team for the Faculty of Technology, University of Sunderland, UK. She is a mom, and enjoys cycling and swimming.

• Chapter 13D Printing and New Product Development: Opportunities and ChallengesAsrar Rafiq Bhat, Vishal Gupta, Naveen Kumar Bankapalli, Prateek Saxena, Ankush Raina, and Mir Irfan Ul HaqChapter 2How 3D-Printing Achieves SustainabilityHaishang Wu, Nida Naveed, and Hamid MehrabiChapter 3Applications of 3D Printing in Product SafetyC.H. Li, T.T. Lee, S.L. Mak, W.F. Tang, and C.C. LeeChapter 4Environmental Impact of Metal Additive ManufacturingMark Armstrong, H. Mehrabi, and Nida NaveedChapter 5Identification and Overcoming Key Challenges in the 3D Printing RevolutionAshish Kaushik, Upender Punia, Sumit Gahletia, Ramesh Kumar Garg, and Deepak Chhabra Chapter 6Fabrication of Light Metal Alloys by Additive ManufacturingBinnur Sagbas and Özgür PoyrazChapter 7Spent Coffee Ground-Based Polymeric Materials for 3D printingS.L. Mak, W.F. Tang, C.H. Li, C.C. Lee, M.Y.Wu, W.Y. Chak, and W.K. KwongChapter 8Recycling Polyethylene Terephthalate to Make 3D Printing FilamentsS.L. Mak,W.F. Tang, C.H. Li, C.C. Lee, M.Y.Wu, W.Y. Chak, and W.K. Kwong Chapter 9Additive Manufacturing Requirements for Dental ImplementationUpender Punia, Ashish Kaushik, Ramesh Kumar Garg, Anmol Sharma, and Deepak ChhabraChapter 10Dental Brace Development Using Digital Light Processing 3D PrintingW.F. Tang, C.C. Lee, S.L. Mak, C.H. Li, and Eddy ChanChapter 11Nanomaterials and 3D printingF. Sharifianjazi, L. Bazli, A.Esmaeilkhanian, S. Khaksar, F. Sadeghi, and M.Reisi NafchiChapter 124D Printing of Smart Magnetic-Based Robotic MaterialsAli Zolfagharian, Mir Irfan Ul Haq, Marwan Nafea, and Mahdi Bodaghi

Mir Irfan Ul Haq is currently working as assistant professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University (SMDV). He has previously worked with the R&D wing of Mahindra and Mahindra. He has obtained bachelor of technology degree in mechanical engineering from SMVD University and master of engineering in mechanical system design (Gold Medalist) from National Institute of Technology Srinagar. He has carried his Ph.D. in the area of tribology of lightweight materials. He is actively involved in teaching and research for the past ten years in the field of materials, tribology and 3D printing. His research interests include lightweight materials, new product development and additive manufacturing, development of green lubricants, self-lubricating materials and cutting fluids, wear of materials, and surface engineering. He has published around 50 research papers in SCI and Scopus indexed journals. He has edited three books and has served as guest editor in reputed journals. Moreover, he has been awarded various research grants for various projects from various agencies like DST and NPIU AICTE. He has attended numerous conferences and workshops both in India and abroad like the USA and Singapore. He is a member of reviewer boards of various international journals apart from chairing technical sessions in various international and national conferences. Dr. Haq is actively involved in organizing various conferences and workshops. He has also coordinated various student events such as SAEBAJA, ECOKART and TEDX. Moreover, he has supervised around 20 projects on master’s and bachelor’s level. Dr. Haq has served as member of various committees at national and state levels.Ankush Raina is an assistant professor in the School of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Jammu and Kashmir, India. His area of interest includes wear and lubrication, additive manufacturing, and rheological properties of lubricating oils. He has been awarded Ph.D. in the area of industrial lubrication. He completed his M. Tech in Mechanical System Design from NIT Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. He was awarded with Gold Medal for securing first position in M. Tech. He has extensive research experience in the field of nano lubrication and has carried out various studies using nano-additives in different lubricating oils and composite materials. Further, he has also explored the tribological characteristics of different types of 3D printed polymeric materials. He has published more than 50 articles in the SCI/SCIE/Scopus indexed journals with more than 1,200 citations and h-index of 19 and i-10 index of 32. He has also presented several papers in national and international conferences in India and abroad. He is the reviewer of several reputed SCI/SCIE indexed journals and has also coordinated several events at university level.Nida Naveed is currently a senior lecturer and programme leader at University of Sunderland, UK, and has been working in academia and industry for more than fifteen years. Before joining the University of Sunderland, she has worked with NCG Newcastle College Group, UK, as a programme leader in engineering and at The Open University (OU), UK, as an honorary associate (researcher) at the Department of Engineering and Innovation. Previously, she was also a Research Candidate at The Open University for MPhil leading to PhD on a fully funded studentship by Rolls Royce Limited, East Midlands Development Agency (EMDA) and OU. She has obtained her PhD in materials engineering from the Department of Engineering and Innovation at The Open University, UK. She received her master’s (MEng) in structural engineering and bachelor’s (BEng) in civil engineering fromNED Engineering University. Dr. Nida has a Postgraduate Certificate of Education (PGCE) in mathematics and numeracy specialists from Teesside University, UK. She is a chartered engineer and a member of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (MIET), UK. She is also a fellow of the Higher Education Academy (FHEA) UK. Dr. Nida has published various articles in reputed journals and is currently guiding various master’s and PhD students. She is a member of Athena Swan Team for the Faculty of Technology, University of Sunderland, UK. She is a mom, and enjoys cycling and swimming.

• Chapter 13D Printing and New Product Development: Opportunities and ChallengesAsrar Rafiq Bhat, Vishal Gupta, Naveen Kumar Bankapalli, Prateek Saxena, Ankush Raina, and Mir Irfan Ul HaqChapter 2How 3D-Printing Achieves SustainabilityHaishang Wu, Nida Naveed, and Hamid MehrabiChapter 3Applications of 3D Printing in Product SafetyC.H. Li, T.T. Lee, S.L. Mak, W.F. Tang, and C.C. LeeChapter 4Environmental Impact of Metal Additive ManufacturingMark Armstrong, H. Mehrabi, and Nida NaveedChapter 5Identification and Overcoming Key Challenges in the 3D Printing RevolutionAshish Kaushik, Upender Punia, Sumit Gahletia, Ramesh Kumar Garg, and Deepak Chhabra Chapter 6Fabrication of Light Metal Alloys by Additive ManufacturingBinnur Sagbas and Özgür PoyrazChapter 7Spent Coffee Ground-Based Polymeric Materials for 3D printingS.L. Mak, W.F. Tang, C.H. Li, C.C. Lee, M.Y.Wu, W.Y. Chak, and W.K. KwongChapter 8Recycling Polyethylene Terephthalate to Make 3D Printing FilamentsS.L. Mak,W.F. Tang, C.H. Li, C.C. Lee, M.Y.Wu, W.Y. Chak, and W.K. Kwong Chapter 9Additive Manufacturing Requirements for Dental ImplementationUpender Punia, Ashish Kaushik, Ramesh Kumar Garg, Anmol Sharma, and Deepak ChhabraChapter 10Dental Brace Development Using Digital Light Processing 3D PrintingW.F. Tang, C.C. Lee, S.L. Mak, C.H. Li, and Eddy ChanChapter 11Nanomaterials and 3D printingF. Sharifianjazi, L. Bazli, A.Esmaeilkhanian, S. Khaksar, F. Sadeghi, and M.Reisi NafchiChapter 124D Printing of Smart Magnetic-Based Robotic MaterialsAli Zolfagharian, Mir Irfan Ul Haq, Marwan Nafea, and Mahdi Bodaghi

Mir Irfan Ul Haq is currently working as assistant professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University (SMDV). He has previously worked with the R&D wing of Mahindra and Mahindra. He has obtained bachelor of technology degree in mechanical engineering from SMVD University and master of engineering in mechanical system design (Gold Medalist) from National Institute of Technology Srinagar. He has carried his Ph.D. in the area of tribology of lightweight materials. He is actively involved in teaching and research for the past ten years in the field of materials, tribology and 3D printing. His research interests include lightweight materials, new product development and additive manufacturing, development of green lubricants, self-lubricating materials and cutting fluids, wear of materials, and surface engineering. He has published around 50 research papers in SCI and Scopus indexed journals. He has edited three books and has served as guest editor in reputed journals. Moreover, he has been awarded various research grants for various projects from various agencies like DST and NPIU AICTE. He has attended numerous conferences and workshops both in India and abroad like the USA and Singapore. He is a member of reviewer boards of various international journals apart from chairing technical sessions in various international and national conferences. Dr. Haq is actively involved in organizing various conferences and workshops. He has also coordinated various student events such as SAEBAJA, ECOKART and TEDX. Moreover, he has supervised around 20 projects on master’s and bachelor’s level. Dr. Haq has served as member of various committees at national and state levels.Ankush Raina is an assistant professor in the School of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Jammu and Kashmir, India. His area of interest includes wear and lubrication, additive manufacturing, and rheological properties of lubricating oils. He has been awarded Ph.D. in the area of industrial lubrication. He completed his M. Tech in Mechanical System Design from NIT Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. He was awarded with Gold Medal for securing first position in M. Tech. He has extensive research experience in the field of nano lubrication and has carried out various studies using nano-additives in different lubricating oils and composite materials. Further, he has also explored the tribological characteristics of different types of 3D printed polymeric materials. He has published more than 50 articles in the SCI/SCIE/Scopus indexed journals with more than 1,200 citations and h-index of 19 and i-10 index of 32. He has also presented several papers in national and international conferences in India and abroad. He is the reviewer of several reputed SCI/SCIE indexed journals and has also coordinated several events at university level.Nida Naveed is currently a senior lecturer and programme leader at University of Sunderland, UK, and has been working in academia and industry for more than fifteen years. Before joining the University of Sunderland, she has worked with NCG Newcastle College Group, UK, as a programme leader in engineering and at The Open University (OU), UK, as an honorary associate (researcher) at the Department of Engineering and Innovation. Previously, she was also a Research Candidate at The Open University for MPhil leading to PhD on a fully funded studentship by Rolls Royce Limited, East Midlands Development Agency (EMDA) and OU. She has obtained her PhD in materials engineering from the Department of Engineering and Innovation at The Open University, UK. She received her master’s (MEng) in structural engineering and bachelor’s (BEng) in civil engineering fromNED Engineering University. Dr. Nida has a Postgraduate Certificate of Education (PGCE) in mathematics and numeracy specialists from Teesside University, UK. She is a chartered engineer and a member of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (MIET), UK. She is also a fellow of the Higher Education Academy (FHEA) UK. Dr. Nida has published various articles in reputed journals and is currently guiding various master’s and PhD students. She is a member of Athena Swan Team for the Faculty of Technology, University of Sunderland, UK. She is a mom, and enjoys cycling and swimming.

• Chapter 13D Printing and New Product Development: Opportunities and ChallengesAsrar Rafiq Bhat, Vishal Gupta, Naveen Kumar Bankapalli, Prateek Saxena, Ankush Raina, and Mir Irfan Ul HaqChapter 2How 3D-Printing Achieves SustainabilityHaishang Wu, Nida Naveed, and Hamid MehrabiChapter 3Applications of 3D Printing in Product SafetyC.H. Li, T.T. Lee, S.L. Mak, W.F. Tang, and C.C. LeeChapter 4Environmental Impact of Metal Additive ManufacturingMark Armstrong, H. Mehrabi, and Nida NaveedChapter 5Identification and Overcoming Key Challenges in the 3D Printing RevolutionAshish Kaushik, Upender Punia, Sumit Gahletia, Ramesh Kumar Garg, and Deepak Chhabra Chapter 6Fabrication of Light Metal Alloys by Additive ManufacturingBinnur Sagbas and Özgür PoyrazChapter 7Spent Coffee Ground-Based Polymeric Materials for 3D printingS.L. Mak, W.F. Tang, C.H. Li, C.C. Lee, M.Y.Wu, W.Y. Chak, and W.K. KwongChapter 8Recycling Polyethylene Terephthalate to Make 3D Printing FilamentsS.L. Mak,W.F. Tang, C.H. Li, C.C. Lee, M.Y.Wu, W.Y. Chak, and W.K. Kwong Chapter 9Additive Manufacturing Requirements for Dental ImplementationUpender Punia, Ashish Kaushik, Ramesh Kumar Garg, Anmol Sharma, and Deepak ChhabraChapter 10Dental Brace Development Using Digital Light Processing 3D PrintingW.F. Tang, C.C. Lee, S.L. Mak, C.H. Li, and Eddy ChanChapter 11Nanomaterials and 3D printingF. Sharifianjazi, L. Bazli, A.Esmaeilkhanian, S. Khaksar, F. Sadeghi, and M.Reisi NafchiChapter 124D Printing of Smart Magnetic-Based Robotic MaterialsAli Zolfagharian, Mir Irfan Ul Haq, Marwan Nafea, and Mahdi Bodaghi