A Society Adrift

This posthumous collection of interviews and occasional papers given by Castoriadis between 1974 and 1997 is a lively, direct introduction to the thinking of a writer who never abandoned his radically critical stance. It provides a clear, handy rsum of his political ideas, in advance of their times and profoundly relevant to todays world. For this political thinker and longtime militant (co-founder with Claude Lefort of the revolutionary group Socialisme ou Barbarie), economist, psychoanalyst, and philosopher, two endless interrogationshow to understand the world and life in societywere intertwined with his own life and combats. An important chapter discusses the history of Socialisme ou Barbarie (19491967); in it, Castoriadis presents the views he defended, in that group, on a number of subjects: a critique of Marxism and of the Soviet Union, the bureaucratization of society and of the workers movement, and the primacy of individual and collective autonomy. Another chapter presents the concept, central to his thinking, of imaginary significations as what make a society cohere. Castoriadis constantly returns to the question of democracy as the never-finished, deliberate creation by the people of societal institutions, analyzing its past and its future in the Western world. He scathingly criticizes representative democracy and develops a conception of direct democracy extending to all spheres of social life. He wonders about the chances of achieving freedom and autonomythose requisites of true democracyin a world of endless, meaningless accumulation of material goods, where the mechanisms for governing society have disintegrated, the relationship with nature is reduced to one of destructive domination, and, above all, the population has withdrawn from the public sphere: a world dominated by hobbies and lobbiesa society adrift.