Advances in Energy Research

In this compilation, the authors develop a modeling approach and formulate global equations. The data is based on the thermos-economic theory that uses the thermodynamic process of cost formation and that considers the direct and indirect effects of all components of every system in each cited field. The relations between the incomes and impacts of the use of energy in all sectors with different systems are discussed, and characteristic equations representing each physical behavior of every plant in the system and its impact will be formulated. The Nigeria energy situation is reviewed in order to identify potential sites of SHPs and how small hydropower fits in as the solution to the country sustainable energy challenge. Issues of small hydropower resource availability, technology, environment and climate change have been also discussed. Following this, an overview of industrial systems of oxycombustion integrated in microalgal photobioreactors is provided. The authors discuss issues related to carbon capture technologies, the science and technology of the oxycombustion, the biological oxygen generation, the photobioreactors and the process integration, summarizing a range of useful strategies directed to the industrial sustainable development. The development process for harvesting marine energy for local small-scale usage is described; marine energy has received much attention globally and is being developed as a viable source of renewable energy. While high tidal and fast water current would yield large energy generation, not all locations possess these advantages. With different limitations for specific site locations, this study suggests that micro-scale marine turbine may be suitable for areas with low tidal velocity. Continuing, a review is provided which describes recent approaches adopted to engineer nanostructured electrocatalytic materials for efficient mass transport of reactants and products, high conductivity and activity for electrochemical CO2 reduction into value-added chemicals or intermediates. The current state of integration of Big Data, Data Mining and Artificial Intelligence techniques in advanced Energy Systems Optimization is also examined. A comprehensive review of relevant Artificial Intelligence techniques applicable to the optimization of DER is described, in addition to a review of relevant software needed to model advanced DERs.