Advances in Microbial Ecology

1 Physiological Ecology of Free-Living Protozoa.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic Requirements of Protozoa.- 3. Water, Food, and Polymorphism.- 3.1. Dictyostelium-A Slime Mold.- 3.2. Sorogena-A Polymorphic Ciliate.- 3.3. Other Responses to Starvation.- 4. Microaerophily.- 4.1. Interstitial Zone of Marine Sands.- 4.2. Loxodes-A Microaerophilic Ciliate.- 4.3. Zoochlorellae-Bearing Ciliates.- 5. Other Photosynthetic Symbionts.- 5.1. Planktonic Foraminifera.- 5.2. Sequestered Chloroplasts.- 6. Anaerobiosis and Methanogenic Symbionts.- 7. Postscript.- References.- 2 Diffusion: The Crucial Process in Many Aspects of the Biology of Bacteria.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Microorganisms Are Small.- 3. An Outline of Diffusion.- 3.1. Fick's Diffusion Law.- 3.2. Steady State.- 3.3. Diffusion through and around Obstacles.- 3.4. Reaction along the Diffusion Path.- 3.5. Dynamics of Diffusion.- 3.6. Diffusion in a Stratified Ecosystem: Elementary Treatment.- 3.7. Diffusion Limitation of Growth.- 3.8. Literature on the Mathematics of Diffusion.- 4. Kinetics of Uptake from the Environment into the Metabolic Pool.- 4.1. Transport in the Environment.- 4.2. Transport through a Capsule.- 4.3. Permeation through the S-layer or through the Outer Membrane.- 4.4. Diffusion through the Peptidoglycan.- 4.5. Role of Periplasmic Enzymes.- 4.6. Uptake via Binding Proteins.- 4.7. Passage through the Cytoplasmic Membrane.- 4.8. The Role of Peripheral Enzymes.- 4.9. Colimiting Transport.- 5. Diffusion through a Gel.- 5.1. The Ogsten Theory.- 5.2. Elaboration of the Renkin Theory.- 6. Two-Dimensional Cross-Diffusion.- 7. Efficiency of Uptake Systems.- 8. Conclusions.- References.- 3 Ecological Aspects of Antarctic Microbiology.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Why Are Antarctic Habitats Distinctive?.- 2.1. Continental Drift and the Isolation of Antarctica.- 2.2. The Ice Habitats of Antarctica.- 2.3. The Cold Deserts of Continental Antarctica.- 2.4. Seasonal Changes in the Maritime Antarctic.- 3. Microbiology of Antarctic Cold Deserts.- 3.1. Endolithic Communities.- 3.2. Soil Microbial Xero- and Cryotolerance.- 4. Microbiology of Ice-Covered Water Bodies.- 4.1. Permanently Ice-Covered Lakes.- 4.2. Transient Rivers and Streams.- 4.3. Temporarily Ice-Covered Freshwater Lakes.- 4.4. Sea Ice Microbial Communities (SIMCO).- 5. Microbiology of Patterned Ground.- 5.1. Frost Tolerance in a Wet Habitat.- 5.2. Microbial Stabilization of Fellfield Soils.- 5.3. A Meeting of Ice and Steam.- 6. Terrestrial Nutrient Cycling-Peat and Penguins.- 6.1. Moss-Peat Ecosystems.- 6.2. Ornithogenic Soils.- 7. Environmental Impact.- 7.1. Dry Valleys Drilling Project (DVDP).- 7.2. Microbial Aspects of Conservation in Coastal and Maritime Antarctica.- 8. Future Research Directions.- References.- 4 The Microecology of Lactobacilli Inhabiting the Gastrointestinal Tract.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Microecology of Lactobacilli: Present Status.- 2.1. Cell Walls of Lactobacilli and Adhesion Mechanisms.- 2.2. Metabolism and Colonization.- ...