Advances in Psychology Research

In the opening study included in Advances in Psychology Research. Volume 136, the authors analyze significant determinants, such as personality traits and educational level, positive thinking and life satisfaction among parents of preschool children. The study was conducted on a sample of 152 children and 152 parents at the Department of Paediatrics of the University Hospital Rijeka and in the Kindergarten Rijeka in Croatia. Following this, three other studies were conducted. Study one examines the correlations between intergroup evaluations, belonging and self-esteem. Study two assesses the extent to which in-group favouring is associated with elevated belonging. Study three examines belonging as both a predictor and outcome of intergroup evaluations, and the effect of social identity. The authors present evidence that private self-awareness may play a more pivotal role than public self-awareness and self-conscious emotion in cortisol reactivity to social-evaluative threats. Private self-awareness allows for integration of social self-preservation theory with objective self-awareness theory by explaining cortisol reactivity in both social-evaluative and private settings. One investigation seeks to identify the group-based emotions felt by individuals by distinguishing their object for the first time in the context of sport spectatorship. Following deserved game outcomes, in-group emotions were predicted to show the greatest variability between defeat and victory compared to out-group emotions. The authors examine what gives rise to pro-defendant and anti-defendant biases in punishment decisions, specifically exploring legal judgments about the police officers. We test the influence of perceivers political ideology on the mental representations held of law enforcement, and the subsequent impact of those biased perceptions on decisions to punish the officer for possible wrongdoing after viewing video evidence. Society-level data and empirical reports are analyzed, documenting how single and multiply combined marginalized social identities put individuals at even greater risk for experiencing bias in rulings against them. Various social factors that influence assessments of personal control and thwart efforts to maintain impartiality when acting as arbiters of justice in the legal system are also discussed. Continuing, this compilation discusses recent technical issues on the relevance and specific features of clinical experience with psychotic patients, such as bodily countertransference and enactments that repeat the abrupt caesura which took place in the original encounter with the object, not forgetting the intense and delicate working through process that therapists need to carry out in order to make contact with, contain and start to represent the patients violent emotions. Clinician and consumers views and perspectives of CBT treatment for older people with depression are explored. Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with mental health professionals and older consumers. Thematic analysis revealed a range of insights embedded within three major themes: (i) understanding and experience of CBT; (ii) challenges and barriers to CBT uptake, and (iii) delivering CBT. The concluding study used a prospective cohort design with two assessments of d aily fruit and vegetable intake separated by a period of 6-months. A purposive sample of university employees completed the Regulation of Eating Behavior Scale to assess motives for healthy eating followed by an assessment of daily fruit and vegetable intake plus select demographic items.