Dwarkesh Patel is the host of Dwarkesh Podcast, where he produces deeply researched interviews with both obscure intellectuals and the most influential figures of our time.

• PrefaceProfilesChapter 1: ScalingChapter 2: EvalsChapter 3: InternalsChapter 4: SafetyChapter 5: InputsChapter 6: ImpactChapter 7: ExplosionChapter 8: TimelinesConclusionAppendix: EssaysGlossaryBibliographyAcknowledgmentsAbout the Authors

“Dwarkesh has done a whole series of excellent video interviews with top AI researchers and engineers, and this book is a great distillation of those conversations to help people understand modern AI models, how they are built, where they are headed, and why they are important.”—Jeff Dean, chief scientist at Google DeepMind and Google Research“There’s only one test relevant for an artifact about AI: Would you learn more from reading it than you would from using a newly released LLM for the equivalent amount of time? The Scaling Era handily passes.”—Patrick McKenzie, author of Bits About Money and host of Complex Systems“Dwarkesh’s interviews are full of quotes that will be in history books.”—Byrne Hobart, investor, consultant, and author of The Diff and Boom

Dwarkesh Patel is the host of Dwarkesh Podcast, where he produces deeply researched interviews with both obscure intellectuals and the most influential figures of our time.

• PrefaceProfilesChapter 1: ScalingChapter 2: EvalsChapter 3: InternalsChapter 4: SafetyChapter 5: InputsChapter 6: ImpactChapter 7: ExplosionChapter 8: TimelinesConclusionAppendix: EssaysGlossaryBibliographyAcknowledgmentsAbout the Authors

“Dwarkesh has done a whole series of excellent video interviews with top AI researchers and engineers, and this book is a great distillation of those conversations to help people understand modern AI models, how they are built, where they are headed, and why they are important.”—Jeff Dean, chief scientist at Google DeepMind and Google Research“There’s only one test relevant for an artifact about AI: Would you learn more from reading it than you would from using a newly released LLM for the equivalent amount of time? The Scaling Era handily passes.”—Patrick McKenzie, author of Bits About Money and host of Complex Systems“Dwarkesh’s interviews are full of quotes that will be in history books.”—Byrne Hobart, investor, consultant, and author of The Diff and Boom

Dwarkesh Patel is the host of Dwarkesh Podcast, where he produces deeply researched interviews with both obscure intellectuals and the most influential figures of our time.

• PrefaceProfilesChapter 1: ScalingChapter 2: EvalsChapter 3: InternalsChapter 4: SafetyChapter 5: InputsChapter 6: ImpactChapter 7: ExplosionChapter 8: TimelinesConclusionAppendix: EssaysGlossaryBibliographyAcknowledgmentsAbout the Authors

“Dwarkesh has done a whole series of excellent video interviews with top AI researchers and engineers, and this book is a great distillation of those conversations to help people understand modern AI models, how they are built, where they are headed, and why they are important.”—Jeff Dean, chief scientist at Google DeepMind and Google Research“There’s only one test relevant for an artifact about AI: Would you learn more from reading it than you would from using a newly released LLM for the equivalent amount of time? The Scaling Era handily passes.”—Patrick McKenzie, author of Bits About Money and host of Complex Systems“Dwarkesh’s interviews are full of quotes that will be in history books.”—Byrne Hobart, investor, consultant, and author of The Diff and Boom