Answering to Us

A new theory of democracy that emphasizes equal accountability and explains the crisis of democracy and authoritarianism as a misunderstanding of popular will Elected authoritarians lead governments that persecute minorities and attack the rule of lawand yet they claim to be democratic, because they hold elections said to represent the will of the people. In this urgent and revelatory book, Minh Ly challenges these authoritarian claims by proposing a new conception of democracy that is based not on a uniform popular will but on equal accountability: the idea that we must be equally empowered to hold our officials democratically accountable. Equal accountability requires the very rights and institutionsfrom freedom of the press and freedom to protest to independent courts and Congressional oversightthat elected authoritarians threaten. Drawing on political thinkers that include Herodotus, James Madison, Abraham Lincoln, Frederick Douglass, John Rawls, Nelson Mandela, and Martin Luther King, Ly addresses issues that are both piercingly present and historically enduring. He challenges the widespread misconception that democracy is about carrying out the peoples will, as defined by the majority and executed by the President, arguing that this ignores the peoples diversity and enables the stigmatizing of minorities. Ly affirms that we must govern ourselves in a democracythat we should be the ones ultimately in charge of our government. To be freely self-governing, we must be able to hold our government accountable not only in elections but also in office. We must empower citizens with the resources and civic education to demand accountability and to exercise the vital democratic duties of oversight over our officials and solidarity with each other. Elected authoritarians, Ly contends, actively disempower us by taking away our rights and institutions to hold our government accountable.