Antibiotic Resistance and Residual Effect on Microbes in Bovine Milk

Milk quality and safety is negatively impacted by unjudicial antibiotics used in veterinary medicine because of milking animals are generally treated for infectious diseases with antimicrobial agents like tetracyclines, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones etc. Antibiotic drug residues could have a twofold result on animal health, which may be mutagens, phototoxicity, carcinogenic, teratogenic effects, drug allergy reactions, alterations in the balance of useful intestinal microbiota, reduction in reproductive performance, selection and development of resistant bacteria, acute toxicity or poisoning in human. According to the WHO, 62 % of generally told human pathogens are zoonotic. The resistant microorganism from animals is also transferred to human via organic phenomenon. Additional acquired resistant genes might also be transferred from animal pathogens or commensals to a human pathogen.