Assessing Russia's Actions in Ukraine and Syria, 20142022

What do Russias actions in Ukraine and Syria, particularly between 2014 and 2022 tell us about the character of modern conflict? Do these actions indicate change or continuity? What linkages are there between Russias approaches to warfare today with those before, during, and after the Soviet era? Assessing Russia's Actions in Ukraine and Syria, 20142022: Implications for the Changing Character of War investigates how Russias actions in Syria and Ukraine reveal more continuity than change and more evolution than revolution in warfare. These actions mostly reflect what the Kremlin perceives as changes in strategic and technological contexts, which impacts who fights wars and how wars are fought. Given historic, cultural, and other ties between Russia and Ukraine, Russias activities in Ukraine prior to 2022 are not easily replicable outside of the post-Soviet space. This book argues that new-generation warfare, political warfare, or full-spectrum conflict better describes Russias activities than hybrid warfare. John A. Pennell addresses critical gaps in research by considering the totality of Russias actions and gleaning insights from those directly involved with aspects of Russias interventions.