Paul Upham, Kevin Anderson and Alice Bows are Research Associates at the Tyndall Centre, part of the University of Manchester. Kevin Anderson and Paul Upham are also affiliated to Manchester Business School.

• List of Figures. List of Tables. Acknowledgments. 1. Flying into Heavy Weather 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Aviation’s Past, Present and Future 1.3 Climate Change and Cumulative Emissions 1.4 Opportunities for Aviation 1.5 Climate and Aviation Policy 1.6 Comparative Assessment 1.7 Aviation in the Wider Energy Context 2. Aviation: Past, Present and Future 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Past 2.3 The Future 2.4 The Wider Context 2.5 Summary 3. Climate Change & Cumulative Emissions 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Global Climate Change 3.3 Climate Targets in the EU 3.4 Summary 4. Opportunities for Aviation 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Shifting Environmental Focus 4.3 Aircraft Engine Technology 4.4 Airframe Design 4.5 Low-Carbon Fuels 4.6 Operations 4.7 Contrails and Cirrus Clouds 4.8 Summary 5. Climate and Aviation Policy 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Global Policies and Drivers 5.3 EU Policies and Drivers 5.4 UK Policies and Drivers 5.5 Summary 6. Comparative Assessment 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Aviation Emission Scenarios for the EU 6.3 Aviation Emission Scenarios for the UK 6.4 Summary 7. Aviation in the Wider Energy Context 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The Tyndall Scenario Method 7.3 The Energy Policy Context 7.4 Scenario Method 7.5 Tyndall’s 60% Energy Scenarios 7.6 Tyndall’s Cumulative Carbon Scenarios 8. Conclusion. Notes. Bibliography. Index.

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Paul Upham, Kevin Anderson and Alice Bows are Research Associates at the Tyndall Centre, part of the University of Manchester. Kevin Anderson and Paul Upham are also affiliated to Manchester Business School.

• List of Figures. List of Tables. Acknowledgments. 1. Flying into Heavy Weather 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Aviation’s Past, Present and Future 1.3 Climate Change and Cumulative Emissions 1.4 Opportunities for Aviation 1.5 Climate and Aviation Policy 1.6 Comparative Assessment 1.7 Aviation in the Wider Energy Context 2. Aviation: Past, Present and Future 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Past 2.3 The Future 2.4 The Wider Context 2.5 Summary 3. Climate Change & Cumulative Emissions 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Global Climate Change 3.3 Climate Targets in the EU 3.4 Summary 4. Opportunities for Aviation 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Shifting Environmental Focus 4.3 Aircraft Engine Technology 4.4 Airframe Design 4.5 Low-Carbon Fuels 4.6 Operations 4.7 Contrails and Cirrus Clouds 4.8 Summary 5. Climate and Aviation Policy 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Global Policies and Drivers 5.3 EU Policies and Drivers 5.4 UK Policies and Drivers 5.5 Summary 6. Comparative Assessment 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Aviation Emission Scenarios for the EU 6.3 Aviation Emission Scenarios for the UK 6.4 Summary 7. Aviation in the Wider Energy Context 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The Tyndall Scenario Method 7.3 The Energy Policy Context 7.4 Scenario Method 7.5 Tyndall’s 60% Energy Scenarios 7.6 Tyndall’s Cumulative Carbon Scenarios 8. Conclusion. Notes. Bibliography. Index.

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Paul Upham, Kevin Anderson and Alice Bows are Research Associates at the Tyndall Centre, part of the University of Manchester. Kevin Anderson and Paul Upham are also affiliated to Manchester Business School.

• List of Figures. List of Tables. Acknowledgments. 1. Flying into Heavy Weather 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Aviation’s Past, Present and Future 1.3 Climate Change and Cumulative Emissions 1.4 Opportunities for Aviation 1.5 Climate and Aviation Policy 1.6 Comparative Assessment 1.7 Aviation in the Wider Energy Context 2. Aviation: Past, Present and Future 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Past 2.3 The Future 2.4 The Wider Context 2.5 Summary 3. Climate Change & Cumulative Emissions 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Global Climate Change 3.3 Climate Targets in the EU 3.4 Summary 4. Opportunities for Aviation 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Shifting Environmental Focus 4.3 Aircraft Engine Technology 4.4 Airframe Design 4.5 Low-Carbon Fuels 4.6 Operations 4.7 Contrails and Cirrus Clouds 4.8 Summary 5. Climate and Aviation Policy 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Global Policies and Drivers 5.3 EU Policies and Drivers 5.4 UK Policies and Drivers 5.5 Summary 6. Comparative Assessment 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Aviation Emission Scenarios for the EU 6.3 Aviation Emission Scenarios for the UK 6.4 Summary 7. Aviation in the Wider Energy Context 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The Tyndall Scenario Method 7.3 The Energy Policy Context 7.4 Scenario Method 7.5 Tyndall’s 60% Energy Scenarios 7.6 Tyndall’s Cumulative Carbon Scenarios 8. Conclusion. Notes. Bibliography. Index.

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