Beyond the Lettered City

Joanne Rappaport is Professor of Anthropology and of Spanish and Portuguese at Georgetown University. She is the author of Intercultural Utopias: Public Intellectuals, Cultural Experimentation, and Ethnic Pluralism in Colombia, also published by Duke University Press.Thomas Cummins is Dumbarton Oaks Professor of the History of Pre-Columbian and Colonial Latin American Art at Harvard University. He is the author of Toasts with the Inca: Andean Abstraction and Colonial Images on Quero Vessels.

• About the Series ixList of Illustrations xiAcknowledgments xvIntroduction 11. Imagining Colonial Culture 272. Genre/Gender/Género: "Que no es uno ni otro, ni está claro" 533. The Indigenous Lettered City 1134. Genres in Action 1535. The King's Quillca and the Rituality of Literacy 1916. Reorienting the Colonial Body: Space and the Imposition of Literacy 219Conclusion 251Glossary 259Notes 263References Cited 317Index 353

“Beyond the Lettered City is a landmark study. It expands our understanding of colonial Andean culture by focusing on areas at the margins of pre-Hispanic Inka control (present-day Colombia and Ecuador). Even more important is the authors’ approach to cultural analysis. Examining the intersections of genres of cultural expression, including writing, painting, architecture, and performance, Joanne Rappaport and Thomas Cummins suggest that participation in literacy involved a great deal more than learning to read alphabetically inscribed texts and produce images according to European regimes of pictorial representation. Rappaport and Cummins show that native literacies were crucial arenas in which colonial culture was created, negotiated, and contested.”-Carolyn Dean, author of A Culture of Stone: Inka Perspectives on Rock “Beyond the Lettered City is a major contribution not only to South American colonial studies but also to broader debates about literacy and visual culture. It reveals the complex and varied interactions among European alphabetic writing, indigenous literacy systems, and the spoken languages of both the colonizers and the colonized. It also shows how indigenous actors engaged Castilian knowledge and literacy and turned them into their own decolonial advocacy.”-Walter D. Mignolo, author of The Darker Side of Western Modernity: Global Futures, Decolonial Options “Beyond the Lettered City reveals the complexity of Andean society, the challenges of new administrative procedures, and the interaction between Spaniards and the indigenous peoples who were able to become their own advocates.” - Carlos Damian (Hispanic American Historical Review) “A richly researched work of mature, broad-reaching scholarship, Beyond the Lettered City is at the same time an experiment in innovative historiography. It is likely to intrigue art-oriented and letter-oriented readers for a long time to come.” - Frank Salomon (Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology) “The collection of such a vast set of visual images is alone a momentous task. The breadth of scholarship is impressive. Text and image blend effortlessly in the fine narrative. Many forms of literacies are explored. I am certain that others, as they read and reread sections, will be stimulated as I am to explore further.” - Noble David Cook (Ethnohistory) “Beyond the Lettered City is an exceptionally important, path-breaking contribution to the study of the transformations of society and culture in the northern and central Andes from the time of the Iberian invasion until the early 18th century.”  - Gary Urton (ReVista) “In this interesting contribution to the study of colonial expression, the authors take a novel approach to analysing culture by combining anthropology with art history. The result is an original perspective on how colonial domination at the level of meaning took place….The authors provide striking and dramatic examples of how the natives engaged with and internalised this new visual culture.” - EC (Latin American Review of Books) “Beyond the Lettered City represents an important, innovative, and interdisciplinary study that should be mandatory reading for anyone seriously interested in the art, history, and culture of colonial Spanish America. More broadly, it deserves an audience among scholars of other colonial and postcolonial societies where the issues of artistic cultural adaptation and transfer also are topics of major concern.” - Richard L. Kagan (Catholic Historical Review) “This book is a seminal text, an important addition to scholarship not only on the history of the Andes and colonial Latin America but on the semiotic, material, and meaning-making dimensions of colonial encounters generally. The book’s argument for a radically expanded notion of literacy is made with riveting force and precision. Received ideas about literacy and the domination of the written word have rarely been attacked through such a richly evocative analytic framework." - Paja Faudree (Journal of Anthropological Research) "Beyond the Lettered City is full of highly original arguments and discoveries, and should be read by anyone with an interest in colonial Latin American art and writing." - Alan Durston (Anthropos)