Carnivalizing the Turkish novel

O?uz Atay's 1971 novel The Disconnected [Tutunamayanlar] is distinctly unique, but it can also be read as a response to Joyce's Ulysses - a singular and a very Turkish response. Any review of The Disconnected begins with the humble acknowledgement of its vast frame of reference, the multiplicity of the voices and styles that it presents, and finally its resistance to being translated into another language. What makes it interesting for the readers of modern literature, however, is not only the variety of idiosyncrasies and verbal conventions, but also its critical attitude towards Turkey's project of modernity. Drawing on Bakhtin's theory of the novel, this study traces the echoes of carnival laughter in The Disconnected while establishing Atay's work as a «world text» in dialogue with the masters of the canon: Shakespeare, Goethe, Dostoevsky, Joyce, and others.