Conscience and Civil Government

Conscience and Civil Government is a stirring speech by John L. Girardeau, one of the leading Presbyterian ministers and theologians of the 19th century. In this oration, delivered at the College of Charleston, Girardeau explores the relationship between individual conscience, religion, and the state. He argues that people of conscience have a responsibility to resist unjust laws and promote the common good, even if it means defying civil authorities. His words ring true today as we confront issues of social justice and human rights around the world.

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