Contemporary Topics in Analytical and Clinical Chemistry

1. Polychromatic Analysis Using the Technicon STAC Analyzer.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The STAC Analyzer.- 2.1. Diluter/Dispenser Module.- 2.2. Analytical Module.- 2.3. Electronics Module.- 3. General Theory.- 4. Selection of Primary and Secondary Wavelengths.- 5. Classification of Polychromatic Analysis.- 5.1. Correction for Nonreactive (Static or Time Invariant Interferences).- 5.2. Correction for Reactive (Kinetic) Interferences.- 5.3. Correction for a Combination of Both Reactive and Nonreactive Interferences.- 5.4. Detection of Substrate Depletion.- 6. STAC Assays.- 7. Examples of Polychromatic Analysis.- 7.1. Calcium.- 7.2. Total Bilirubin.- 7.3. Uric Acid.- 7.4. Triglycerides.- 7.5. AST.- 8. Conclusion.- References.- 2. Introduction to Multiple-Wavelength Spectrophotometric Measurements in Analytical and Clinical Chemistry.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Definitions.- 3. Applications in Analytical Chemistry.- 4. Applications in Clinical Chemistry.- 5. Epilogue.- References.- 3. Bichromatic Analysis: The Design and Function of the ABA-100.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Design Principles.- 3. Performance of Individual Instrument Functions.- 3.1. Photometric Uncertainty and Linearity.- 3.2. Control of Reaction Temperature.- 3.3. Sample Evaporation.- 3.4. Volume Measurement.- 3.5. Performance Characteristics Unique to Bichromatic Measurements.- 4. Automation of a Specific Method with the ABA.- 5. Quality Control.- 6. Special Applications.- 7. Epilogue.- References.- 4. Bichromatic Analysis as Performed in the Du Pont Automatic Clinical Analyzer (aca).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Analytical Test Pack.- 2.1. Header.- 2.2. Pack Envelope.- 3. Instrument.- 3.1. Sample Handling/Pack Filling.- 3.2. Timing, Temperature, Reagent Addition/Mixing, and Incubation.- 4. Measurement System.- 4.1. Measurement Techniques.- 4.2. Electro-Optical System Description.- 4.3. Zero Absorbance Requirement.- 4.4. Output Result Performance and Calibration.- 5. Measurement Principles.- 5.1. Implementation.- 5.2. Representative Examples.- 5.3. Reaction Time Courses.- 5.4. Chromophore Spectra.- 5.5. Performance.- 6. Advantages.- 6.1. Disadvantages.- 6.2. Future Applications.- References.- 5. The Analysis of Matrix Formatted Multicomponent Data.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Data Reduction Strategies in Analytical Chemistry.- 1.2. Description of MFMDT.- 2. Linear Algebra Review.- 2.1. Vectors and Matrices.- 2.2. Arithmetic of Matrices.- 2.3. Matrix Solution of a System of Linear Equations.- 2.4. Basis and Rank.- 2.5. Identity and Inverse Matrices.- 2.6. Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors.- 2.7. Glossary.- 3. Theory and Application of MFMDT in Qualitative Analysis of the Fluorescence Emission-Excitation Matrix (FEEM).- 3.1. Properties of Fluorescence Emission.- 3.2. Principles of Qualitative Analysis of the FEEM by MFMDT.- 3.3. Qualitative Analysis of Simulated Fluorescence Data.- 3.4. Qualitative Analysis of Experimental Fluorescence Data.- 4. Theory and Application of MFMDT in Quantitative Analysis of the FEEM.- 4.1. Theory of Least Squares Analysis of the FEEM.- 4.2. Theory of Linear Programming Analyses (Simplex Method) of the FEEM.- 4.3. Quantitative Analysis of Simulated Fluorescence Data.- 4.4. Quantitative Analysis of Experimental Fluorescence Data.- 5. Summary and Conclusion.- 5.1. Effectiveness of MFMDT for Analysis of Multicomponent Fluorescence Data.- 5.2. Expansion and Future Applications of MFMDT.- 6. Appendices.- 6.1. Fortran Subroutines for Qualitative Analysis.- 6.2. Fortran Subroutines for Quantitative Analysis.- References.- 6. Nonlinear Parameter Estimation of Convolved Excitation and Multiple Emission Response Functions.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Luminescence Processes.- 1.2. Modern Instrumentation.- 1.3. Algorithms for Nonlinear Data Analysis.- 2. Instrumentation and Analytical Parameters.- 2.1. Time Correlated Single-Photon Method.- 2.2. Theory.- 2.3. Pile-Up.- 2.4. Time-to-Amplitude Converter.- 2.5. Excitation Source.- 2.6. Optics.- 2.7. Photomultiplier Tube.- 2.8.