Energy Harvesting and Power Delivery for Implantable Medical Devices

Implantable Medical Devices (IMD) have been used since the implantable pacemaker in 1958. Since then, numerous types of IMDs have been introduced to tackle a variety of health issues. Providing a constant and perpetual energy source is a key design challenge for IMDs. Harvesting energy from the human body and its surroundings is one of the possible solutions. Delivering energy from outside the body through different wireless media is another feasible solution. Energy Harvesting and Power Delivery for Implantable Medical Devices reviews different state-of-the-art mechanisms that do in-body energy harvesting as well as out-of-body wireless power delivery. The details of the energy source, transmission media, energy harvesting and coupling techniques, and the required energy transducers are discussed. The merits and disadvantages of each of these approaches are presented. Different mechanisms have very different characteristics in terms of their output voltage, amount of harvested power, and power transfer efficiency. Therefore different types of power conditioning circuits are required. This monograph compares and contrasts the issues and solutions to designing the building blocks for the power conditioning circuits for different energy harvesting or coupling mechanisms.