Ergonomics

Ergonomics is the science of designing the job, equipment, and workplace to fit the worker. Ergonomics is widely used by industrial companies to design tasks and work areas to maximise the efficiency and quality of their employees' work. The field is also called human engineering and human factors engineering. This book presents new and significant research in the field. Good acoustics is a crucial element in verbal communication and in the learning process, and is therefore vital for all societies whose development is knowledge-based. An overview of room acoustics in enclosed spaces is given, as well as alternative techniques for measuring parameters. An overview of ergonomics in the operating room (OR) based on scientific research is given as well. In addition, brief attention is paid to the environmental ergonomics dealing with the OR environment, lighting, temperature and airflow. The introduction of new technologies into the practice of radiology is causing a major shift in the operating paradigms of radiology departments, and along with this, a need to reconsider the relevant ergonomic issues. The ergonomics of the radiological workspace are explored, and different input devices are studied and tested within the radiological workspace, many of which originated from either graphical design or the gaming applications. Construction remains one of the largest industries in the United States. Recent research literature on ergonomic issues in the construction industry are reviewed, as well as how to prevent work-related musculoskeletal injuries. Finally, ergonomics and epidemiology in evidence based health prevention are discussed in this book. The ergonomics that can contribute to the common development of public health and occupational preventive methods are explained. In addition, two recent foot movement studies for foot controls are reviewed, in order to facilitate designers to create more user-friendly foot controls in the ergonomic workplace. Biomechanics as a tool in ergonomics is discussed, with demonstrations for back posture, balance and mechanical work in expert/novice handlers.