Federal Central Banks

Federal Central Banks is a unique study that critically examines the role and impact of central banks in federal and confederal political systems.

• It conducts a detailed examination of the history, design and operation of central banking in the United States and in the European Union.


• The contradiction between the centralizing features of banking and monetary policy and the political and economic expectations of pluralist federal democracy is explored.


• Regional economic disparities are seen to be amplified by modern 'independent' central banking.


• The response of the US Treasury and Federal Reserve to the GFC is rated as superior to immature Eurozone institutions. But both underperformed in not providing adequate  fiscal-monetary solutions.


• Quantitative easing rescued the financial sector from collapse, but exacerbated wealth inequalities and failed to provide a sufficiently rapid economic recovery.


• Federal level banking reforms need to go hand in hand with democratic accountability.


• The Eurozone governance structures are dysfunctional and undemocratic and should be reformed.