Force and Matter

At a time when German philosophy was dominated by idealism, German philosopher and physician Ludwig Bchner (1824-99) wrote Kraft und Stoff, an influential work advocating materialism, in 1855. It went through many editions and was widely read across the world. The controversy surrounding the book led to Bchner leaving his post at the University of Tbingen, but he went on to establish the German Freethinkers' League, the first German organisation for atheists. This book, first published in 1864, is a translation of the eighth edition, and is edited by J. Frederick Collingwood, who wanted to bring Bchner's work to an English audience. It contains translations of the prefaces from the first, third and fourth editions of Kraft und Stoff, and an introductory letter from Bchner which expresses his belief that Darwin's theory of evolution has given support to his materialist theory.