Handbook on Information Technologies for Education and Training

Education and training have faced many challenges in the past five years political, educational, and technological trends such as the European Bologna process, Lifelong Learning and the use of Social Software are just a few of the factors influencing this field. Furthermore, technology-enhanced lea- ing has become the mainstream of educational and training innovation. Within this context, this second edition of the Handbook on Infor- tion Technologies for Learning, Education, and Training attempts to capture the state-of-the-art in technology-enhanced learning, as it has emerged during the last years and anticipates important future developments. As the Handbook Editors, we have aimed to provide a comprehensive guide for both researchers and practitioners working in the field of Technology-enhanced Learning and Training. Our overall objective is to enable the reader to gain a deep understanding of the past, present, and future research and applications in this field. From a research perspective, the readers will obtain an in-depth und- standing of the complex theories, strategies, concepts, and methods of Technology-enhanced Learning. Based on these fundamentals they will be able to develop new and innovative approaches for the next generation of Technology-enhanced Learning.