Hazards and Treatment of Wastewater Contaminants

DIPIKA JASPAL, PHD, served as a Professor and Researcher in the Department of Applied Science, Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India. Dr. Jaspal has more than 19 years of teaching and research experience. ARTI MALVIYA, PHD, has over 14 years of professional experience in research and teaching. Currently, Dr. Malviya is working as a Professor in one of the most reputed colleges of India, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.

• TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface 1 Introduction 1.1 Water pollution a global concern- facts and figures 1.2Wastewater characteristics 1.3 Hazards of wastewater and the need for treatment 1.4 Need to treat wastewater 1.5 Scope and objectives of the book References 2 Overview of Contaminants 2.1 Contaminants 2.2. Harm posed by contaminants 2.3 Sewage wastewater 2.4Nonsewage wastewater 2.5 Detecting contaminants 2.6 Removal of wastewater contaminants 2.7 Incidents of contamination: Case studies 2.8Successful elimination of contaminants 2.9 Important considerations 2.10 Challenges References 3 Sewage Wastewater: Sources, Characteristics and Treatment 3.1 Characteristics of sewage wastewater 3.2 Treatment of sewage wastewater3.3 Case studies References 4 Industrial Contaminants 4.1 Industrial wastewater 4.2 Wastewater contaminants from different industries 4.3 Categories of industrial contaminants 4.4 Monitoring and detection of industrial contaminants 4.5 Transport and fate of contaminants in the environment 4.6 Toxicity of industrial wastewater 4.7 Treatment technologies 4.8 Case studies of industrial contamination of water bodies 4.9 Industry best practices 4.10Challenges and research directions References 5 Heavy Metals in Wastewater- Toxicity Assessment and Remediation 5.1 Sources of heavy metal pollution 5.2 Toxicity assessment 5.3Treatment methods 5.4Novel methods for aqueous heavy metal remediation 5.5 Permissible limits of heavy metals in water bodies 5.6 Case studies References 6 Dye Wastewater Characteristics and Treatment 6.1 Classification of dyes 6.2 Toxicity assessment of dyes 6.3 Treatment of dye wastewater 6.4 Legislative guidelines for dye-loaded wastewater 6.5 Case Studies References 7 Contamination by Oil Spills 7.1 Characteristics of oils 7.2 Important oil properties 7.3 Oil behavior in the aquatic environment 7.4 Impacts of oil spills 7.5. Detection of oil spills and monitoring 7.6 Technologies and materials for oil spill cleanup 7.7 Prevention7.8 Important factors in cleanup activity 7.9 Treatment of oil spills 7.10 Some major oil spill incidents 7.11 Disposal and treatment of wastes generated 7.12 Strategies for prevention and mitigation 7.13 Legislation and role of authorities in the cleanup of oil spills References 8 Pesticide Elimination from Hydro Environment 8.1 Classification of pesticides 8.2 Scenario of global pesticide consumption8.3 Toxicity assessment of pesticides 8.4 Treatment of pesticide wastewater 8.5 Legislative framework of pesticides 8.6 Case studies References 9 Radioactive Contaminants 9.1 Detection of radioactive contaminants 9.2 Methods of treatment 9.3 Case studies on radioactive contaminants 9.4 Technologies and materials studied for radioactive contaminants 9.5 Role of regulatory authorities 9.6 Challenges and future needs References 10 Microbes as Contaminants 10.1Treatment methods References 11 Pharmaceutics as Emerging Contaminants in Wastewater: Hazards and Removal Technologies 11.1 Sources of pharmaceutical waste 11.2 Types of pharmaceutical waste 11.3 Toxicity assessment 11.4 Treatment methods 11.5 Legislative framework of pharmaceuticals 11.6 Case studies References 12 Surfactants: Behavior and Remediation Process 12.1 Sources of surfactants 12.2 Types of surfactants 12.3 Toxicity assessment of surfactants 12.4 Analytical techniques for surfactants 12.5 Treatment techniques 12.6 Legislative framework for surfactant discharge 12.7 Case studies References 13 Fertilizers and Nutrients 13.1 Fertilizers in agriculture 13.2 Hazards of fertilizers in water/wastewater 13.3 Consequences of eutrophication and nutrients in water 13.4 Control of eutrophication and nutrients in water 13.5 The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for nutrient pollution 13.6 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 13.7 Policies and schemes for the use of fertilizers 13.8 Case studies on fertilizer contamination 13.9 Efforts on successful remediation 13.10 Management of fertilizer use 13.11 Technologies and methods for nutrient removal 13.12 Recent studies on nutrient removal References 14 Microplastics 14.1 Challenges in the recycling of plastics 14.2Plastics to microplastics 14.3 Toxicity assessment of MPs 14.4 Legislation for MP management 14.5 Treatment of microplastic-containing wastewater 14.6 Case studies 15 Wastewater Treatment Technologies: Performance and Mechanism 15.1 Mechanisms of different processes References Conclusions and Recommendations Index