Hearings Before the Subcommittee of the Committee On Appropriations, House of Representatives, Consisting of Messr. Walter I. Smith (Chairman), J. W. Keifer, J. V. Graff, J. J. Fitgerald, and Stephen

A transcript of congressional hearings held in the late 19th century to discuss the appropriation of funds for fortifications. The hearings involved a range of military and government officials, who discussed issues such as national defense strategy, public safety, and the allocation of resources. This document provides a unique window into the workings of the U.S. government during a time of great change and upheaval.

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