Hitlers Shadow Empire

Pitting fascists and communists in a showdown for supremacy, the Spanish Civil War has long been seen as a grim dress rehearsal for World War II. Francisco Francos Nationalists prevailed with German and Italian military assistancea clear instance, it seemed, of like-minded regimes joining forces in the fight against global Bolshevism. In Hitlers Shadow Empire Pierpaolo Barbieri revises this standard account of Axis intervention in the Spanish Civil War, arguing that economic ambitionsnot ideologydrove Hitlers Iberian intervention. The Nazis hoped to establish an economic empire in Europe, and in Spain they tested the tactics intended for future subject territories. The Spanish Civil War is among the 20th-century military conflicts about which the most continues to be publishedHitlers Shadow Empire is one of few recent studies offering fresh information, specifically describing German trade in the Franco-controlled zone. While it is typically assumed that Nazi Germany, like Stalinist Russia, became involved in the Spanish Civil War for ideological reasons, Pierpaolo Barbieri, an economic analyst, shows that the motives of the two main powers were quite different. Stephen Schwartz, Weekly Standard