How Data Happened

From facial recognitioncapable of checking us onto flights or identifying undocumented residentsto automated decision systems that inform everything from who gets loans to who receives bail, each of us moves through a world determined by data-empowered algorithms. But these technologies didnt just appear: they are part of a history that goes back centuries, from the birth of eugenics in Victorian Britain to the development of Google search. Expanding on the popular course they created at Columbia University, Chris Wiggins and Matthew Jones illuminate the ways in which data has long been used as a tool and a weapon in arguing for what is true, as well as a means of rearranging or defending power. By understanding the trajectory of datawhere it has been and where it might yet goWiggins and Jones argue that we can understand how to bend it to ends that we collectively choose, with intentionality and purpose.