Human Security in the Middle East and North Africa

Alaa Al-Din Arafat is an independent academic and author. He was a former Associate Researcher at London University, UK, and a Professor of Middle Eastern Studies at the FUE, Egypt. He also was an Associate Researcher at CEDEJ, Egypt. He is the author of Regional and International Powers in the Gulf Security and The Mubarak Leadership and Future in Democracy in Egypt, as well as Egypt in Crisis and The Rise of Islamism in Egypt, all published by Palgrave Macmillan.

• Chapter 1: Introduction: Theoretical Framework.- Chapter 2: Water Security in the MENA.- Chapter 3: Food Security in the MENA Region.- Chapter 4: Energy Security in the MENA Region.- Chapter 5: Poverty and Inequality in the MENA Region.- Chapter 6: Sectarianization and Sectarian Politics in the MENA Region.- Chapter 7: Terrorism and Non-State Armed Groups.- Chapter 8: Climate Change and Human Security in the MENA Region.- Chapter 9: The Impacts of COVID-19 on the MENA Economic Security.- Chapter 10: Conclusion: MENA’s Human Security Threats, Economic Costs, and Implications.