Integrated Computational Life Cycle Engineering For Traction Batteries

Summary............................................................................................................................. 3

Acronyms............................................................................................................................ 4

Contents.............................................................................................................................. 5

Chapter 1: Background and context........................................................................... 8

1.              Towards a more sustainable private transportation system ........................... 8

2.              The risk of problem shifting ............................................................................. 10

3.              Complex systems require tools and methodologies ..................................... 11

References......................................................................................................................... 15

Chapter 2: LCE and electromobility........................................................................ 18

5.              Environmental sustainability and Life Cycle Engineering........................... 18

5.1.              Environmental Impacts of products.............................................................. 20

5.2.              Life Cycle Assessment.................................................................................... 22

5.3.              Life Cycle Engineering .................................................................................. 26

Definitions and scope...................................................................................... 26

Methods and Tools for LCE........................................................................... 27

LCA- based methods and tools for LCE...................................................... 29

2.              Technical aspects of electric vehicles and lithium-ion traction batteries.. 32

2.1.              Electric vehicles: definitions and classification.......................................... 32