Legendary Figures

Legendary Figures examines revolutionary views of the past that have played a crucial role in European and American literature of the last 150 years. Clayton Koelb traces these new approaches to history through an impressive range of novels, from Flauberts Salammb to Christa Wolfs Cassandra. Koelb argues that this new historical sense, which arose in the midnineteenth century, gained eloquent expression in Flauberts writings. What is crucial about the new historical sense is that it views the past as essentially alien and other. The connection between past and present may be powerful, but it is always indirect and difficult to negotiate. As a result, the past seems exotic and unattainable, the object of nostalgia and desire. Koelb distinguishes this sense of history, with its persistent discontinuities between past and present, from the more continuous and progressive views of history of novelists like Sir Walter Scott and such philosophers as Hegel, Marx, and Lukcs. In their writings, history proceeds according to the laws of cause and effect, and each epoch can be understood as both the result of the previous one and the cause of the next. In contrast, the modernist writers that Koelb examinesFlaubert, Pater, Mann, Broch, Wilder, Yourcenar, and Wolfimagine a past that is mythic and legendary and thus a metaphor for everything distant, complicated, unattainable, and unknowable.