Materials under Extreme Loadings

Eric Buzaud is head of the Shock Physics Group at the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Gramat, France. Ioan R. Ionescu is Professor in the Department of Engineering Sciences at the University of Paris 13 in France. George Z. Voyiadjis is the Boyd Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Louisiana State University in the USA.

• Preface xvChapter 1. Geomaterials Under Extreme Loading: The Natural Case 1Philippe LAMBERT and Hervé TRUMEL1.1. Introduction 11.2. Natural impacts 21.3. Discussion 271.4. Conclusions 321.5. Bibliography 33PART 1. EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION 45Chapter 2. The Shock Properties of Concrete and Related Materials 47Kostas TSEMBELIS, David J. CHAPMAN, Christopher H. BRAITHWAITE, John E. FIELD and William G. PROUD2.1. Introduction 472.2. Experimental studies 532.3. Conclusion 652.4. Acknowledgments 652.5. Bibliography 66Chapter 3. Comparison of Shocked Sapphire and Alumina 69Geremy KLEISER, Lalit CHHABILDAS and William REINHART3.1. Abstract 693.2. Introduction 703.3. Material 713.4. Experimental method 723.5. Experimental results 733.6. Conclusions 843.7. Acknowledgments 843.8. Bibliography 84Chapter 4. Observations of Ballistic Impact Damage in Glass Laminate 87Stephan BLESS4.1. Introduction 874.2. Transient measurements 884.3. Post-test measurements 904.4. Multiple impacts 974.5. Discussion and summary 974.6. Acknowledgments 984.7. Bibliography 98Chapter 5. Experimental Analysis of Concrete Behavior Under High Confinement 101Xuan Hong VU, Yann MALECOT, Laurent DAUDEVILLE and Eric BUZAUD5.1. Introduction 1015.2. Experimental device 1025.3. Influence of the water/cement ratio 1055.4. Influence of the coarse aggregate size 1065.5. Influence of the cement paste volume 1135.6. Conclusion and future work 1165.7. Acknowledgment 1185.8. Bibliography 118Chapter 6. 3D Imaging and the Split Cylinder Fracture of Cement-Based Composites 121Eric LANDIS6.1. Introduction 1216.2. Methods and materials 1226.3. Experiments and analysis 1266.4. Experimental results 1286.5. Conclusions 1296.6. Bibliography 130Chapter 7. Testing Conditions on Kolsky Bar 131Weinong CHEN7.1. Introduction 1317.2. Kolsky bar 1327.3. Limitations of the Kolsky bar 1337.4. Methods for conducting valid Kolsky bar experiments 1367.5. Conclusions 1427.6. Bibliography 143PART 2. MATERIAL MODELING 145Chapter 8. Experimental Approach and Modeling of the Dynamic Tensile Behavior of a Micro-Concrete 147Pascal FORQUIN and Benjamin ERZAR8.1. Introduction 1478.2. Experimental device 1498.3. Data processing 1518.4. Experimental results 1548.5. Modeling of the damage process in concrete at high strain-rates (the Denoual, Forquin, Hild model) 1588.6. Conclusion 1728.7. Bibliography 175Chapter 9. Toward Physically-Based Explosive Modeling: Meso-Scale Investigations 179Hervé TRUMEL, Philippe LAMBERT, Guillaume VIVIER and Yves SADOU9.1. Introduction 1799.2. Methodology 1819.3. The material: microstructure and macroscopic mechanical behavior 1829.4. Samples from unitary experiments 1859.5. Analysis of a recovered target 1939.6. Discussion 1989.7. Conclusion and future work 2049.8. Acknowledgments 2049.9. Bibliography 204Chapter 10. Coupled Viscoplastic Damage Model for Hypervelocity Impact Induced Damage in Metals and Composites 209George Z. VOYIADJIS10.1. Introduction 20910.2. Theoretical preliminaries for high velocity impact 21210.3. A coupled rate-dependent (viscoplasticity) continuum damage theory 21410.4. Computational aspects of the proposed theory 22010.5. Numerical applications 22810.6. Conclusions 24010.7. Bibliography 241Chapter 11. High-Pressure Behavior of Concrete: Experiments and Elastic/Viscoplastic Modeling 247Martin J. SCHMIDT, Oana CAZACU and Mark L. GREEN11.1. Introduction 24711.2. Experimental study 24911.3. Elastic-viscoplastic model development 25411.4. Conclusions 26311.5. Bibliography 264Chapter 12. The Virtual Penetration Laboratory: New Developments 267Mark D. ADLEY, Andreas O. FRANK, Kent T. DANIELSON, Stephen A. AKERS, James L. O’DANIEL and Bruce PATTERSON12.1. Introduction 26712.2. Constitutive model development 26812.3. Perforation simulations 27812.4. Penetration simulations 28212.5. CSPC penetration resistance equation 28412.6. Conclusions 28712.7. Acknowledgment 28812.8. Bibliography 288Chapter 13. Description of the Dynamic Fragmentation of Glass with a Meso-Damage Model 291Xavier BRAJER, François HILD and Stéphane ROUX13.1. Introduction 29113.2. Experimental results 29213.3. Fragmentation analysis 29413.4. Microcracking analysis 29913.5. A “meso-damage” approach 30213.6. Conclusion 30613.7. Acknowledgments 30713.8. Bibliography 307PART 3. NUMERICAL SIMULATION TECHNIQUES 311Chapter 14. An Approach to Generate Random Localizations in Lagrangian Numerical Simulations 313Jacques PETIT14.1. Introduction 31314.2. Numerical modeling 31414.3. Electromagnetic compression and its regular use 31814.4. Numerical simulations without rupture: copper and nickel samples 32114.5. Numerical simulations with rupture: TA6V4 samples 32314.6. Conclusion 32814.7. Bibliography 330Chapter 15. X-FEM for the Simulation of Dynamic Crack Propagation 333Alain COMBESCURE15.1. Energy conservation when a crack propagates: a key issue 33315.2. Dynamic crack propagation laws 33915.3. Experiments interpretation 34115.4. Bibliography 348Chapter 16. DEM Model of a Rigid Missile Impact on a Thin Concrete Slab 351Frédéric DONZÉ, Wen-Jie SHIU and Laurent DAUDEVILLE16.1. Introduction 35116.2. The DEM model 35316.3. Modeling of the impact tests 35516.4. Influence of reinforcement ratio 35816.5. Influence of the nose shape of missile 36116.6. Conclusion 36516.7. Bibliography 365Chapter 17. The Lattice Discrete Particle Model (LDPM) for the Numerical Simulation of Concrete Behavior Subject to Penetration 369Gianluca CUSATIS17.1. Introduction 36917.2. Review of LDPM formulation 37117.3. Uniaxial compression strength tests 37517.4. Three-point bending tests 37717.5. Multiaxial compression strength tests 37817.6. Hopkinson bar tests 38017.7. Penetration through reinforced concrete slabs 38217.8. Closing remark 38417.9. Acknowledgments 38517.10. Bibliography 385Chapter 18. An Improved Contact Algorithm for Multi-Material Continuum Codes 389Kenneth C. WALLS and David L. LITTLEFIELD18.1. Introduction 38918.2. Background 39018.3. The contact-impact problem 39118.4. Formulation 39518.5. Finite element formulation 39818.6. Calculations 40118.7. Discussion 40518.8. Conclusions 41018.9. Bibliography 412Chapter 19. Parallel Computing for Non-linear Concrete Modeling 415Kent DANIELSON, Mark ADLEY and James O’DANIEL19.1. Introduction 41519.2. Explicit dynamic finite element analysis 41619.3. Numerical methodologies 41719.4. Numerical applications 42119.5. Concluding remarks 42919.6. Acknowledgments 43019.7. Bibliography 431List of Authors 433Index 439