NEGATIVE IMMITTANCE CONVERTERS, Theory, Analysis & Realization

I-V characteristics of negative impedance have been discovered since the early days of the Tetrode vacuum tube, and later during the semiconductor Tunnel diode. They have been applied then to achieve higher Q-factors for resonance circuits and design oscillator circuits. In 1951 J.L Merrill introduced two triodes vacuum tubes circuit performed as a negative impedance converter. Shortly after, J.G Linville introduced practically the same circuit utilizing double BJT's. The circuits were used in reducing the attenuation of the trans-oceanic under sea cable. Currently negative impedance became very popular in antenna's applications especially with the advanced MMIC technology. Since the early fifties few technical articles as well as few research projects were published on the subject matter. No books handling the basic fundamentals on the subject were published. This book is an attempt to compile and analyze negative impedance and Negative Immittance Converters (NIC) principles, characteristics, their basic theory and fundamentals, as well as their realization and pin point on parameters affecting their non ideal characteristics. This text book discusses systematically the subject and its basic principals. It allows the designer to understand the circuit function and to be able to design the circuit keeping in mind all aspects and parameters affecting negative impedance converters characteristics and behavior.