New Strategies for N-Heterocyclic Carbenes Catalyzed Annulations

This thesis focuses on NHC-catalyzed annulation of nitroalkenes, enals and ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acids. (1) NHCs were found to be efficient catalysts for the [4+2] annulation of ?-substituted nitroalkenes. The scope of Rauhut-Currier reaction was successfully extended to the most challenging ?-substituted alkenes by this method; (2) Enals were successfully used for [4+2] annulations with azodicarboxylates catalyzed by NHC via ?-addition. Highly enantiopure tetrahydropyridazinones and ?-amino acid derivatives could be easily prepared by subsequent transformations of the resulting dihydropyridazinones. (4) The readily available ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acids were first successfully employed to generate the ?,?-unsaturated acyl azolium intermediates by using NHC for the enantioselective [3+2] and [3+3] annulations.