Nutritional Needs in Cold and High-Altitude Environments

This book reviews the research pertaining to nutrient requirements for working in cold or in high-altitude environments and states recommendations regarding the application of this information to military operational rations. It addresses whether, aside from increased energy demands, cold or high-altitude environments elicit an increased demand or requirement for specific nutrients, and whether performance in cold or high-altitude environments can be enhanced by the provision of increased amounts of specific nutrients. Table of Contents Front Matter I: Committee Summary and Recommendations 1 A Review of the Physiology and Nutrition in Cold and in High-Altitude Environments 2 Committee on Military Nutrition Research Recommendations and Conclusions II: Background and Introduction to theTopic 3 Cold Weather and High-Altitude Nutrition: Overview of the Issues 4 Leadership Insights for Military Operations in Cold Weather and at High Altitudes 5 Cold-Weather Field Feeding: Military Rations 6 Feeding the US Army Sixth Infantry Division (Light) in the Cold Part II Discussion III: The Cold Environment 7 The Physiology of Cold Exposure 8 Military Schedules vs. Biological Clocks 9 Influence of Cold Stress on Human Fluid Balance 10 Muscle Metabolism and Shivering During Cold Stress 11 Macronutrient Requirements for Work in Cold Environments 12 Cold Exposure, Appetite, and Energy Balance 13 Effects of Cold and altitude on Vitamin and Mineral Requirements 14 Micronutrient Deficiency States and Thermoregulation in the Cold 15 Drug-Induced Delay of Hypothermia Part III Discussion IV: The High-Terrestrial Environment 16 The Physiology of High-Altitude Exposure 17 Physical Performance at High Altitudes 18 Fluid Metabolism at High Altitudes 19 Maintenance of Body Weight at High Altitudes: In Search of 500 kcal/day 20 Energy and Macronutrient Requirements for work at High Altitudes 21 Oxidative Stress at High Altitudes and Effects of Vitamin E Part IV Discussion V: Performance in Cold and in High-Altitude Environments 22 Effets of Altitue on Cognitive Performance and Mood States 23 Food Components and Other Treatments That May Enhance Mental Performance at High Altitudes and in the Cold General Discussion Appendixes A: Environmental Stress Management at High Altitudes by Adaptogens, summary of unpublished manuscript B: Biographical Sketches C: Abbreviations D: Factors Related to Nutritional Needs in Cold and in High-Altitude Environments- A Selected Bibliography Index