Portable Diode Pumped Femtosecond Lasers

Ultrashort pulse laser technology is receiving increased focus around the world, and as the size and expense are reduced, their applications will receive more attention. This thesis discusses the work to make ultrashort pulsed lasers smaller and more economical. Possibilities of these pulses include creation of terahertz radiation, characterization of materials through ablation, enhanced ring laser gyroscopes, ultrastable atomic clocks and fast ignition fusion. While sharing many of the basic properties of normal beam optics there are some specific properties in both creating and exploiting those pulses that must be understood. The discussion will focus on mode locking as the primary way of producing ultrashort pulses. Particular attention will be paid to intracavity group velocity dispersion and how to correct it inside the cavity. The discussion then turns to the basis of our work including initial cavity design and component selection with a focus on the specific crystals used in the solid state laser. The primary focus for the rest of the experiment setup is based on the evolution of the designs in order to get the systems lasing and then mode locked. Results from the work on the small cavity systems are then compared to data taken from a commercial titanium-sapphire laser with an emphasis on current measurement techniques. Overall conclusions include the impact of both equipment and the crystals used in the solid state cavity to generate ultrashort pulses. While not fully successful, the groundwork has been laid for future research on portable, diode pumped femtosecond lasers.