Pruritus in Clinical Medicine

Pruritus (itch) is a sensation that leads to the desire or reflex to scratch. If the sensation lasts for six weeks or beyond, then it is referred to as chronic pruritus. The signs and symptoms of chronic pruritus include contagious itch and itch inhibition due to pain. There are various causes leading to this condition that include factors such as infections, allergy and environment, and skin disorders. Infections like body louse, cutaneous larva migrans, head lice, herpes, insect bites, tungiasis, etc. and skin disorders such as dandruff, xerosis, and punctate palmoplantar keratoderma are some factors that lead to chronic pruritus. It can develop in the peripheral nervous system (dermal or neuropathic) or in the central nervous system (neuropathic, neurogenic, or psychogenic). Treatment methods include anti-itch drugs and some plant products that act as effective anti-pruritic. Certain non-chemical remedies such as cooling, warming, and soft stimulation are also used. If severe itching is caused due to kidney failure, then phototherapy can also be used as a treatment. This book strives to provide a fair idea about pruritus and will help develop a better understanding of the latest advances in its diagnosis and management. It includes contributions of experts and researchers, which will provide innovative insights to all involved in the study and management of this disease.