Recollecting Dante's Divine Comedy in the Novels of Mark Helprin

This book studies several of Mark Helprins novels in terms of their relation to Dantes Divine Comedy. The authors demonstrate that A Soldier of the Great War, In Sunlight and in Shadow, and Winters Tale substantially correspond to, respectively, Dantes Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The author himself has acknowledged his debt to Dante and references to the Comedy appear throughout his works. It is not that Helprins novels track their Dantean antecedents slavishly, or even follow the structure of the Canticles explicitly. Rather, the central arguments of Dantes three works are taken up by Helprin in his novels. In adopting Dantes essentially Platonic doctrine of mediation, Helprins characters are fully instantiated human beings who also mediate and reveal the divine. In his engagement with Dante, Helprin affirms the core philosophical, theological and psychological arguments of the Comedy, and then modifies those arguments in a distinctly modern way. Specifically, Helprin focuses on human freedom as the necessary precondition for justice to exist, both for individuals and for societies. In the final chapter of the book, the authors turn to Helprins Freddy and Fredericka. In this novel, Helprin both assumes Dantes argument, and then radically alters it, by pointing to the possibility of a just regime on earth, rather than one that exists merely in heaven. While accepting much of Dantes metaphysical argument, Helprin shows the virtues of liberal democracy as that form of political regime that is most able to unite human eros with eternal principles. In the end, Helprins novels are remarkable for the way in which they advocate for ancient virtues, while insisting upon the distinctly modern liberal account of human freedom as the necessary foundation for human flourishing.