Solar Cell Array Design Handbook

I Solar Cell Arrays.- 1 Array Systems.- Array Concepts.- 11. Arrays and Batteries.- 12. Arrays, Panels, Parts, and Components.- 13. Array Types.- 14. The Array as Part of the Power System.- 15. The Array as a System.- 16. Hybrid Systems 6 Historical Developments.- 17. History of Terrestrial Arrays.- 18. History of Space Arrays.- 1 9. The Future of Solar Cell Arrays.- Array Applications.- 110. Terrestrial Applications.- 111. Space Applications.- 112. Power from Space.- Array Systems Performance.- 113. Array Ratings.- 114. Terrestrial Flat-Plate Arrays.- 115. Terrestrial Concentrator Arrays.- 116. Space Flat-Hate Arrays.- 117. Spinning Space Arrays.- 118. Space Concentrator Arrays.- 119. Space Array Orbital Performance.- 2 Array Analysis.- Analytical Concepts.- 21. The Role of Analysis.- 22. Atoms and Electrons.- 23. Electric Charge.- 24. Conductors.- 25. Insulators.- 26. Current.- 27. Electric Field.- 28. Potential and Voltage.- 29. Electrical Circuits.- 210. Sources and Generators.- 211. Current Flow Convection.- 212. Resistance and Resistors.- 213. Ohms Law.- 214. Power.- 215. Energy.- 216. Capacitance and Capacitors.- 217. Magnetism.- 218. Inductance and Inductors.- 219. AC and DC Current.- 220. Impedance.- Circuit Analysis.- 221. Circuit Modelling.- 222. Circuit Simplifications.- 223. Circuit Responses.- 224. Circuit Equations.- 225. Operating Points.- Semiconductors and Solar Cell Models.- 226. Quantum Mechanics.- 227. Semiconductor Materials.- 228. Semiconductor Junctions.- 229. Solar Cell Operation.- 230. Solar Cell Equation.- 231. Solar Cell DC Model.- 232. Distributed Parameter Solar Cell Model.- 233. Analytical Models for Computer Work.- 234. Non-Analytical Computer Models.- 235. Selecting the Proper Model.- 236. Solar Cell AC Model.- 237. Solar Cells in Parallel and Series.- 238. Illuminated Arrays.- 239. Partially Shadowed Cells in Parallel.- 240. Partially Shadowed Cells in Series.- 241. Solar Cell Strings with Shunt Diodes.- 242. Shadowing Factors.- 243. Nonilluminated Array Models.- 244. Blocking Diode Models.- 245. Reverse-Biased Solar Cells.- 246. Power Dissipation in Reverse-Biased Solar Cells.- Array Performance Prediction.- 247. Array Output Analysis.- 248. Sequence of Shifting IV Curves.- 249. Calculation of Angle of Incidence.- 250. Calculation of Effective Solar Intensity.- 251. Calculation of Cell and Array IV Curves.- Shadow Analysis.- 252. Shadows 84 Thermal Analysis.- Thermal Analysis.- 253. Heat Flow and Temperature.- 254. Heat Transfer by Conduction.- 255. Heat Transfer by Convection.- 256. Heat Transfer by Radiation.- 257. Electrical Heat Transfer Analogy.- 258. Terrestrial Array Operating Temperatures.- Reliability.- 259. Reliability and Failure Rates.- 260. Failure Modes and Effects.- 261. Reliability Models.- Orbital Analysis.- 262. Spacecraft Motion in Orbit.- 263. Simplified Orbit Theory.- 264. Altitude in Elliptic Orbits.- 265. Location in Space.- 266. Illumination of the Orbit Plane.- 267. The Sun Angle.- 268. Solar Eclipses.- 3 Array Design.- Design Concepts.- 31. The Design Process.- 32. Design Phases.- 33. Design Personnel.- 34. Uncertainties and Risks.- 35. Design Optimization.- 36. Design Requirements, Criteria and Interfaces.- 37. Policy Constraints.- 38. Design Review.- 39. Producibility and Cost.- 310. Human Engineering.- Photovoltaic System Design.- 311. Load Profile Development.- 312. Illumination Profile Development.- 313. Preliminary Array SizingArea Method.- 314. Preliminary Array Sizing-Cell Efficiency Method.- 315. Preliminary Array Sizing-Cell Power Method.- Detailed Array Design.- 316. Detailed Array Sizing.- 317. Space Array Configuration Selection.- 318. Number of Required Solar Cells.- 319. Array Layout.- 320. Array Wiring.- 321. Hot Spot Design Considerations.- 322. Designing for Reliability.- 323. High Voltage Design.- Thermal Design.- 324. Temperature