Solid Earth Geomagnetism

1 Main Magnetic Field of the Earth.- 1.1 Early History of Geomagnetism.- 1.1.1 South-Pointing Cart and Magnetic Compass.- 1.1.2 Inclination of a Magnet.- 1.1.3 Gilbert and His Experiment.- 1.1.4 Gauss and His General Theory of Geomagnetism.- 1.2 Distribution of the Geomagnetic Field.- 1.2.1 Elements of the Geomagnetic Field.- 1.2.2 Measurement of the Geomagnetic Field.- 1.2.3 Magnetic Survey.- 1.2.4 Magnetic Observatory.- 1.2.5 Magnetic Chart.- 1.2.6 Magnetic Pole.- 1.3 Spherical Harmonic Analysis of the Geomagnetic Field.- 1.3.1 Spherical Harmonic Function.- 1.3.2 Spherical Harmonic Analysis.- 1.3.3 Separation of the External Field from the Internal One.- 1.3.4 Gauss Coefficient.- 1.4 Dipole and Non-Dipole Fields.- 1.5 International Geomagnetic Reference Field.- 1.6 Satellite Magnetic Survey.- 2 Secular Variation of the Geomagnetic Field.- 2.1 Secular Variation in Historical Times.- 2.2 World Distribution of Secular Variation.- 2.3 Decrease in the Earths Dipole Moment.- 2.4 Westward Drift of the Non-Dipole Field.- 2.5 Northward Shift of the Dipole.- 2.6 Drifting and Standing Non-Dipole Fields.- 2.7 Change in the Rate of the Earths Rotation and Geomagnetic Secular Variation.- 3 Paleomagnetism.- 3.1 Natural Remanent Magnetization.- 3.1.1 Thermoremanent Magnetization.- 3.1.2 Chemical Remanent Magnetization.- 3.1.3 Detrital Remanent Magnetization.- 3.1.4 Stability of NRM and Magnetic Cleaning.- 3.2 Paleosecular Variation.- 3.3 Reversal of the Geomagnetic Field.- 3.4 Geomagnetic Polarity Stratigraphy.- 3.5 Morphology of Transitional Field.- 3.6 Polar Wandering and Continental Drift.- 3.6.1 Virtual Geomagnetic Pole.- 3.6.2 Polar Wandering and Continental Drift.- 4 Theories of Origin of the Geomagnetic Field.- 4.1 Basic Concept of the Dynamo.- 4.2 Hydromagnetic Equations for the Dynamo.- 4.3 Physical Conditions Necessary for a Dynamo Process.- 4.4 Kinematic Dynamo Models.- 4.4.1 Bullard Process.- 4.4.2 Bullard-Gellman Dynamo Model.- 4.4.3 Braginskiis Dynamo and Constraints on Fluid Motion.- 4.4.4 Bullard-Gellman-Lilley Dynamo Model.- 4.4.5 Gubbins Dynamo Model.- 4.4.6 Turbulent Dynamo.- 4.4.7 Herzenberg and Backus Dynamo Models.- 4.5 Hydromagnetic Dynamo Models.- 4.6 Non-Steady Behavior of Some Dynamo Models and Mechanism of Magnetic Field Reversal.- 4.7 Energy for the Geomagnetic Dynamo.- 4.8 Non-Dipole Field and Its Westward Drift.- 4.8.1 Electromagnetic Core-Mantle Coupling.- 4.8.2 Oscillation of Quadrupole Field.- 4.8.3 Near-Surface Motion in the Core.- 5 Magnetic Fields of the Moon and Planets.- 5.1 History of Measurement of the Lunar Magnetic Field.- 5.2 Magnetic Moment of the Moon.- 5.3 Magnetic Field Measurement on the Lunar Surface.- 5.4 Subsatellite Measurement of the Lunar Magnetic Field.- 5.5 Magnetic Permeability of the Moon as a Whole.- 5.6 General Magnetic Properties of the Appolo Rock Samples.- 5.7 Natural Remanent Magnetism of the Appolo Rock Samples.- 5.7.1 Results of Measurement and Test.- 5.7.2 Origin of Magnetization of Lunar Rocks.- 5.7.3 Paleointensity of the Lunar Magnetic Field.- 5.8 Origin of the Lunar Magnetic Field.- 5.8.1 Magnetization by an External Magnetic Field.- 5.8.2 Magnetization by an Internal Magnetic Field.- 5.8.3 Fossil Magnetization.- 5.8.4 Transient Local Field.- 5.8.5 Zero Field Magnetization.- 5.9 Magnetic Field of Planets.- 5.9.1 Summary of Space Probe Observations.- 5.9.2 Physical Significance of Planetary Magnetic Field in Relation to the Internal Structure of Planets.- 5.9.3 Magnetic Bodes Law.- 6 Local Geomagnetic Anomalies.- 6.1 Magnetic Anomalies on Land.- 6.1.1 Aeromagnetic Survey and Magnetic Anomalies.- 6.1.2 Magnetic Anomalies over Volcanoes.- 6.2 Marine Magnetic Anomalies.- 6.2.1 Marine Magnetic Survey and Magnetic Lineation.- 6.2.2 Magnetic Anomalies over Sea-Mounts.- 6.3 Magnetized Bodies and Their Magnetic Fields.- 6.3.1 Magnetic Fields Produced by a Magnetic Body.- 6.3.2 Magnetic Field over a Circular Cone.- 6.3.3 Magnetic Field Produced by a Magnetic Body of Arbitrary