The Application of Spectroscopy in Agriculture

Non-destructive and cost-effective quality control systems can enhance the food industry's ability to manage marketing. Rapid optical techniques such as near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy play an important role in process analysis. The potential for non-destructive and online quality measurement of NIR spectroscopy makes it an interesting alternative to classical (often destructive) measurement methods that has been successfully used to measure the chemical composition and quality features of food and agricultural products. This technique has been successfully used to evaluate the internal properties of different types of fresh garden products for several decades. In the last four decades, various techniques such as X-ray, optical, ultrasonic, electromagnetic, and infrared spectroscopy have been used for non-destructive evaluation of fruits; these are highly desirable and faster and more economical than destructive methods. Among the mentioned techniques, the infrared spectroscopy has become more practical due to its high accuracy.