The Forgotten Ninth Amendment [1955]

This provocative essay considers the historical background, meaning and effect of the Ninth Amendment, which states “the enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.” Patterson feels the amendment was “forgotten” because no real purpose has been found for it. He argues that the amendment would become valuable if it was construed to incorporate the doctrine of natural law, which he ranks above constitutional rights. Moreover, this doctrine should serve to restrict federal and state power.