Tolerated but Never Accepted

In Tolerated but Never Accepted: Polish American Officials Of Michigan, Don Binkowski traces the long and tortuous history of the Polish peasant's struggle to participate in America's democracy and election of officials in Michigan and elsewhere in America. Successful in their efforts to establish a 1919 independent Poland, the second-generation Poles gradually focused on all political levels culminating in the election of three Michigan congressmen and other officials during the New Deal. Binkowski documented their successes and failures in Michigan's and the nation's executive, legislative, and judicial branches while Polonia supported the eventual independence of Poland from the communists.