Nicole Eggers is an assistant professor of history at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. She is a coeditor of The United Nations and Decolonization and her work has appeared in numerous journals.

• List of Illustrations vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1PART 1: BEGINNINGS AND DESTINATIONS Chapter 1 Transmissions 25 Chapter 2 Healing 58PART 2: VIOLENCE AND POWER Chapter 3 Violence 87 Chapter 4 Unruliness 110 Chapter 5 Relegation 141PART 3: POSTS AND PRESENTS Chapter 6 Posts 175 Chapter 7 Presents 195 Conclusion 210 Notes 219 Bibliography 273 Index 287

Unruly Ideas is an original, refreshing, one-of-a-kind study about power, invisible and holistic power. How Congolese Kitawalists displayed 'intellectual agency' and challenged European 'hoarders of power' by carving out their own political space and by availing themselves of religious and thaumaturgic possibilities is at the heart of Nicole Eggers’s fine-grained narrative. - Ch. Didier Gondola, author of Tropical Cowboys: Westerns, Violence, and Masculinity in Kinshasa Nicole Eggers has written an engaging, original, and important account of the Kitawalist religious movement in the Democratic Republic of Congo, from the 1930s to recent times, packed with the results of years of archival and oral research. - David M. Gordon, author of Invisible Agents: Spirits in a Central African History

Nicole Eggers is an assistant professor of history at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. She is a coeditor of The United Nations and Decolonization and her work has appeared in numerous journals.

• List of Illustrations vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1PART 1: BEGINNINGS AND DESTINATIONS Chapter 1 Transmissions 25 Chapter 2 Healing 58PART 2: VIOLENCE AND POWER Chapter 3 Violence 87 Chapter 4 Unruliness 110 Chapter 5 Relegation 141PART 3: POSTS AND PRESENTS Chapter 6 Posts 175 Chapter 7 Presents 195 Conclusion 210 Notes 219 Bibliography 273 Index 287

Unruly Ideas is an original, refreshing, one-of-a-kind study about power, invisible and holistic power. How Congolese Kitawalists displayed 'intellectual agency' and challenged European 'hoarders of power' by carving out their own political space and by availing themselves of religious and thaumaturgic possibilities is at the heart of Nicole Eggers’s fine-grained narrative. - Ch. Didier Gondola, author of Tropical Cowboys: Westerns, Violence, and Masculinity in Kinshasa Nicole Eggers has written an engaging, original, and important account of the Kitawalist religious movement in the Democratic Republic of Congo, from the 1930s to recent times, packed with the results of years of archival and oral research. - David M. Gordon, author of Invisible Agents: Spirits in a Central African History

Nicole Eggers is an assistant professor of history at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. She is a coeditor of The United Nations and Decolonization and her work has appeared in numerous journals.

• List of Illustrations vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1PART 1: BEGINNINGS AND DESTINATIONS Chapter 1 Transmissions 25 Chapter 2 Healing 58PART 2: VIOLENCE AND POWER Chapter 3 Violence 87 Chapter 4 Unruliness 110 Chapter 5 Relegation 141PART 3: POSTS AND PRESENTS Chapter 6 Posts 175 Chapter 7 Presents 195 Conclusion 210 Notes 219 Bibliography 273 Index 287

Unruly Ideas is an original, refreshing, one-of-a-kind study about power, invisible and holistic power. How Congolese Kitawalists displayed 'intellectual agency' and challenged European 'hoarders of power' by carving out their own political space and by availing themselves of religious and thaumaturgic possibilities is at the heart of Nicole Eggers’s fine-grained narrative. - Ch. Didier Gondola, author of Tropical Cowboys: Westerns, Violence, and Masculinity in Kinshasa Nicole Eggers has written an engaging, original, and important account of the Kitawalist religious movement in the Democratic Republic of Congo, from the 1930s to recent times, packed with the results of years of archival and oral research. - David M. Gordon, author of Invisible Agents: Spirits in a Central African History