Urban Scaling

Urban allometry empirically describes how things, for example crime, GPD, emissions, energy use, area, street length, housing prices, etc. change in cities when their size, in terms of population, increases. Urban scaling is a relatively recent area of urban science, investigating how measurable characteristics of cities vary with their sizes. This book addresses this relatively novel but highly debated topic within urban studies and geography. It presents many results, techniques, methods, and reflections on urban scaling and allometry. The sections are organized into different sub-areas such as socio-economic, infrastructural or environmental outputs, so that there is a broad organization of the findings into recognizable sub-domains. The book is particularly timely as it is becoming increasingly urgent and necessary to understand the pro and cons of different city sizes and therefore to plan policies accordingly. The book is especially interesting from a theoretical perspective because it presents the latest developments and achievements in the field, which will help to highlight potential universal rules across cities and regions. This book will benefit researchers in urban science, and scholars entering the field from various disciplines, such as geography, sociology, economics, mathematics, physics, or urban and regional planning. It will also find an audience among practitioners and policymakers. "What we need is a theory or theories that tie all these different scaling relations together. [...] Glimpses of this theory are contained in the pages of this book and collectively they point to a greater understanding of how scaling can be used to define ways in which we can develop more sustainable and robust approaches to the design of better cities." From the introductory chapter written by Professor Michael Batty, University College London.