Vegetation Patterns Along Altitudinal Gradients

The traditional ecological zonation at small scale altitudinal variation is not applicable for small mountain range and also very difficult to observe. The change of vegetation life along mountain gradients can have a form of change in any morphological and physiological characteristics of trees in addition to other indices. Therefore this book will give you ideas how we can measure the impacts of altitude on vegetation heights, diameter, crown form, and other spatial characteristics such as density, diversity, species richness, and abundances. The book used basic statistical variables to describe and simulate the patterns of forest parameters. This information is very crucial for forest planning and development in the area. The boook can help students on how we can quantify the basic parameters of forests.