Viking Mediologies

Viking Mediologies is a study of pre-modern multimedia rooted in the embodied poetic practice of Viking Age skalds. Prior study of the skaldic tradition has focused on authorshipdistinctions of poetic style, historical contexts, and attention to the oeuvres of the skalds whose names are preserved in the written tradition. Kate Heslop reconsiders these not as texts but as pieces in a pre-modern media landscape, focusing on poetrys medial capacity to embody memory, visuality, and sound. Mobile, hybrid, diasporic social formationsbands of raiders and traders, petty kingdoms, colonial expeditionsachieved new prominence in the Viking Age. Skalds offered the leaders of these groups something uniquely valuable. With their complicated poetry, they claimed to be able to capture shared contingent meanings and re-mediate them in named, memorable, reproducible works. The commemorative poetry in kviuhttr remembers histories of ruin and loss. Skaldic ekphrasis discloses and reproduces the presence of the gods. Drttkvtt encomium evokes for the leaders retinue the soundscape of battle. As writing arrived in Scandinavia in the wake of Christianization, the media landscape shifted. In the poetry of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, skalds adjusted to the demands of a literate audience, while the historical and poetological texts of the Icelandic High Middle Ages opened a dialogue between Latin Christian ideas of mediation and local traditions. In the Second Grammatical Treatise, for example, the literate technology of the grid is used to analyze the complex resonances of drttkvtt as the output of a syllable-spewing hurdy-gurdya poetry machine. Offering both new readings of both canonical works such as Ynglingatal, Ragnarsdrpa, and Httatal, and examinations of lesser-known texts like Glymdrpa, Lknarbraut, and Sturla rarsons Hkonarkvia, Viking Mediologies explores the powers and limits of poetic mediation.