Womens Working Lives in East Asia

One of the most dramatic economic changes of the past century has been the increase in married womens work outside the home. This volume examines the nature of married womens participation in the economies of three East Asian countriesJapan, Taiwan, and South Korea. In addition to asking what is similar or different about womens economic participation in this region of the world compared to Western societies, the book also asks how womens work patterns vary across the three countries. The essays focus on key theoretical questions for the study of womens labor and, more broadly, economic gender inequality. How do we assess the value of work available to married women in different countries and cultural contexts? What forces promote or hinder womens work outside the home throughout marriage and childrearing? Does wage employment necessarily benefit women more than the informal sector (e.g., family-run businesses)? Is full-time work always more desirable than part-time work? Do women who return to the labor force after absences due to family responsibilities incur a heavy wage penalty for interrupted careers? The essays balance comparative assessments in a broad East Asian context with detailed investigations of one or more questions in the context of a specific country. The studies reveal that, although all three countries share common cultural and demographic conditions, patterns of womens economic participation are distinctly different in Taiwan from those in Japan and South Korea. Whereas womens participation in Taiwans economy shows striking similarities to many Western countries, married women in Japan and Korea participate less in the economy, and their earnings differ more from mens than in Taiwan or the West. Why is Taiwan more similar to the West while Japan and South Korea are more similar to each other? The book draws on a broad range of materials to explain this puzzle. One of the explanations advanced is that overall labor demand, a greater supply of highly educated men, and more rigid work conditions (especially in large firms) in Japan and South Korea are major obstacles to the equal economic participation of married women in those countries. Also, the greater flexibility in work demands and work hours prevalent in Taiwan is complemented by relatively weaker patriarchal values in the family.