Zarathustra?s Secret

Over a century after his death in 1900, Nietzsche remains a seminal figure in the history of European intellectual life. Celebrated as a liberator by some, maligned as a pernicious influence by others, he was the subject of controversy during his lifetime, pursuing a hedonistic individualism and espousing concepts such as the Superman and the Will to Power until he died, after a decade of institutionalised insanity. In this groundbreaking biography, Joachim Kohler seeks for the first time to understand Nietzsche's philosophy through a reconstruction of his inner life. In a revealing reinterpretation of his letters, diaries and writings, Kohler shows that Nietzsche's suppressed homosexuality, generating a hatred of Christianity and conventional morality, was a central influence on his work and argues that his philosophical position was fundamentally compromised by the concealment of his forbidden sexual desire. Throughout his life, as Kohler demonstrates, the unhappy genius was also plagued by terrible nightmares, stemming from the death of his much-loved father, which led to a profoundly disturbed conscience and an intense of loathing of metaphysics. Seeking to disguise the truth of his innermost torments, Nietzsche contrived the persona of Zarathustra. The story of the great Persian philosopher, Kohler argues, reveals Nietzsche's own suppression and dionysiac liberation, and presents the culmination of his secret yearnings in the new myth of Superman, who in his naked beauty, resembled the gods of classical Greece. Joachim Kohler's books on Nietzsche and on Wagner have been translated into eleven languages.