Built to Punish

The United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world. With only about 4.5% of the worlds population, it holds about 20% of the worlds inmates. But thats only the tip of the punishment iceberg. One in five Americans have a criminal record. And every day the assembly line of punishment keeps its steady pace. Many who enter the criminal justice system are never able to fully shake it, and even those who emerge, carry its scars. Fear of crime and endless demands for punishment support an enforcement apparatus that distorts democracy, the economy, and our relationships with each other. Unequal enforcement of our laws leaves the poor and, particularly, African Americans underprotected and overpunished. Instead of making us safer, the current level of unending punishment undermines communities and childrens health and well-being. A criminal record reinforces inequality as it forecloses employment opportunities and depresses wages. This book is both a comprehensive birds eye view of the contours of the criminal justice system, and a critical analysis of its impact on our society. It weaves high-profile accountsincluding the conviction and later exoneration of the Central Park 5, Jens Soerings decades-long effort to get out of prison alive, and Tina Benniss confrontation with the state that took her car because of her husbands indecent behaviortogether with data, history, and personal experiences-- to reveal an interconnected system driven by fear, money, power, and structural racism. The book also shows that despite these problems, change is possible. Scores of death row exonerations, and the cost of capital punishment, have decreased capital sentences by almost ninety percent in a quarter century. Despite the recent surge in executions of federal inmates, the death penalty itself is dying a slow death. Drug decriminalization and legalization are sweeping the country, promising to shrink the systems expanse. Yet, efforts to undo the war on drugs seem to trigger promises to crack down on violent and sex offenders. Despite the horrific deaths of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor, which brought millions into the streets in the middle of a pandemic, true police reform is caught in an ideological struggle. COVID-19 revealed vast racial inequities in healthcare and the economy. Yet, when it ravaged Americas prisons, which are disproportionately filled with people of color and the poor, the response remained muted. Early releases, even for the sick and elderly, still seemed unimaginable.