Holy Confucius! Some Observations in Translating sheng(ren) in The Analects

The history of translating "sheng(ren)" in The Analects of Confucius between 1649 and 2009.
Abstract:The Chinese term sheng (simplified: ) appears eight times in six paragraphs in the Analects of Confucius (Lun Yu). The all-time champion of English translations for sheng(ren) is 'the sage'. In most English (and French) writings on the Chinese tradition one will come across the translation "the sages (les sages)" eventually; but not so in the majority of German writings. The all-favored German translation, based on Schott, Grube, Wilhelm, Haas, Biallas, Conrady and many others, is the biblical "die Heiligen" (saints or holy-men). This is rather surprising at first. Sages and saints are two very different archetypes of wisdom. In this paper I will showcase the most important German, French/Latin, and English translations of sheng(ren) in the Analects ranging from 1649 to 2009. I will discuss some of the odd translators' choices made, and why: saints, philosophers, geniuses, Berufene (appointees), Kulturheroen (cultural heroes), Great Men, Gttliche (the god-like) and more.
About the author:

Dr. Thorsten J. Pattberg ( PEI Desi) is a German philosopher and cultural critic who has published widely on Chinese-Western affairs and Eastern thought.

He attended Edinburgh, Fudan, Tokyo and Harvard University, and earned his doctorate degree from The Institute of World Literature, Peking University. He became a disciple of JI Xianlin, GU Zhengkun and TU Weiming.

His main research interests are New Confucianism, Taoism and the Chinese shengren (sages). He is the visionary behind the Chinese government's initiative 'Key Concepts in Chinese Thought and Culture'.