Men and Masculinity. The Presentation of Men and Male Relationships in Three Contemporary British Novels

Thesis (M.A.) from the year 1999 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 2,7 (B-), Free University of Berlin (English Philology), 82 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: The 1990s has witnessed a groundswell of interest in men and masculinity. The book
market saw countless publications, the media took up the topic and discussions
about the 'nineties man' became and still are very much en vogue (even though we
are on the brink of the next millennium).
Parallel to public interest there was also an increase in academic writing. Numerous
sociological and psychological studies endeavoured to explore the roots of
masculinity and examined the mechanisms of its functions in cultures depending of
various kinds of gender division. They concluded that masculinity has no fixed
concept, that masculinity is not just what a group of men happen to do. Rather it has
to be understood in relation to the gender role as a social practice negotiated by men
and understood in relation to the gender order. So one should instead speak of
'masculinities' if one wants to grasp the different representations of maleness in
society.
Feminists and multiculturalists have repeatedly criticised the dominant gender
position of men in society and questioned the legitimacy for patriarchy. They asked
for a 'new man', a new social understanding of male values and attitudes and asked
for change. Since the mid-1970s men responded to the call for change, explored
aspects of men's lives and started to question whether the traditional concept (a
concept that is still very much practised by men throughout the Western world) of
male domination is still irreproachable. This, however, also sparked off a crisis,
indeed a dilemma because many men felt that, without a fixed basis to define
themselves they lost their bearings. Bearing this in mind it is an interesting question
to ask in what way men represent men so the task of my thesis is to find out what
kind