Mission of Sorrows

The Mission of Guevavi on the Santa Cruz River in what is now southern Arizona served as a focal point of Jesuit missionary endeavor among the Pima Indians on New Spain's far northwestern frontier. For three-quarters of a century, from the first visit by the renowned Eusebio Francisco Kino in 1691 until the Jesuit Expulsion in 1767, the difficult process of replacing one culture with anotherthe heart of the Spanish mission systemwent on at Guevavi. Yet all but the initial years presided over by Father Kino have been forgotten. Drawing upon archival materials in Mexico, Spain, and the United Statesincluding accounts by the missionaries themselves and the surviving pages of the Guevavi record booksKessell brings to life those forgotten years and forgotten men who struggled to transform a native ranchera into an ordered mission community. Of the eleven Black Robes who resided at Guevavi between 1701 and 1767, only a few are well known to history. Otherssuch as Joseph Garrucho, who presided more years at Guevavi than any other Padre; Alexandro Rapicani, son of a favorite of Sweden's Queen Christina; Custodio Zimeno, Guevavi's last Jesuithave the details of their roles filled in here for the first time. In this in-depth study of a single missionary center, Kessell describes in detail the daily round of the Padres in their activities as missionaries, educators, governors, and intercessors among the often-indifferent and occassionally hostile Pimas. He discusses the Pima uprising of 1751 and the events that led up to it, concluding that it actually continued sporadically for some ten years. The growing ferocity of the Apache, the disastrous results of certain government policiesespecially the removal of the Sobapuri Indians from the San Pedro Valleyand the declining native population due to a combination of enforced culture change and epidemics of European diseases are also carefully explored. The story of Guevavi is one of continuing adversity and triumph. It is the story, finally, of explusion for the Jesuits and, a few short years later, the end of Mission Guevavi at the hands of the Apaches. In Mission of Sorrows Kessell has projected meticulous research into a highly readable narrative to produce an important contribution to the history of the Spanish Borderlands.