Newton's Third Rule and the Experimental Argument for Universal Gravity

This book provides a reading of Newtons argument for universal gravity that is focused on the evidence-based, "experimental" reasoning that Newton associates with his program of experimental philosophy. It highlights the richness and complexity of the Principia and also draws important lessons about how to situate Newton in his natural philosophical context. The book has two primary objectives. First, it defends a novel interpretation of the third of Newtons four Rules for the Study of Natural Philosophy what the author terms the Two-Set Reading of Rule 3. Second, it argues that this novel interpretation of Rule 3 sheds additional light on the differences between Newtons experimental philosophy and Descartess "hypothetical philosophy," and that it also illuminates how the practice of experimental philosophy allowed Newton to make a universal force of gravity the centerpiece of his explanation of the system of the world. Newtons Third Rule and the Experimental Argument for Universal Gravity will be of interest to researchers and advanced students working on Newtons natural philosophy, early modern philosophy, and the history of science.